Ana amfani da tukunyar jirgi na masana'antu a wutar lantarki, masana'antar sinadarai, masana'antar haske da sauran masana'antu, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin rayuwar kamfanoni da cibiyoyi. Lokacin da tukunyar jirgi ya ƙare, iska mai yawa za ta gudana cikin tsarin ruwa na tukunyar jirgi. Duk da cewa tukunyar jirgi ta zubar da ruwa, akwai wani fim na ruwa a saman karfensa, kuma oxygen zai narke a cikinsa, wanda zai haifar da saturation, wanda ke haifar da yashwar Oxygen. Lokacin da akwai sikelin gishiri a saman karfe na tukunyar jirgi, wanda za'a iya narkar da shi a cikin fim din ruwa, wannan lalata zai zama mafi tsanani. Aiki ya nuna cewa mummunan lalata a cikin tukunyar jirgi yawanci ana samun su yayin aikin rufewa kuma yana ci gaba da haɓaka yayin amfani. Don haka, ɗaukar matakan kariya daidai lokacin tsarin rufewa yana da mahimmanci don hana lalata tukunyar jirgi, tabbatar da aiki mai aminci, da tsawaita rayuwar tukunyar jirgi.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don hana ɓarna rufe tukunyar jirgi, wanda za'a iya raba kashi biyu: Hanyar bushewa da hanyar rigar.
1. Hanyar bushewa
1. Desiccant Hanyar
Fasahar desiccant yana nufin cewa bayan an dakatar da tukunyar jirgi, lokacin da zafin ruwa ya ragu zuwa 100 ~ 120 ° C, duk ruwan za a sauke, kuma za a yi amfani da zafin dattin da ke cikin tanderu don bushe saman karfe; a lokaci guda, za a cire ma'aunin da aka yi a cikin tsarin ruwa na tukunyar jirgi , ana fitar da ruwa da sauran abubuwa. Daga nan sai a yi allurar ƙwanƙwasa a cikin tukunyar jirgi don kiyaye samansa bushewa don guje wa lalata. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da: CaCl2, CaO, da gel silica.
Wuraren desiccant: Raba maganin zuwa faranti da yawa kuma sanya su a kan tukunyar jirgi daban-daban. A wannan lokacin, duk soda da bawul ɗin ruwa dole ne a rufe su don hana shigowar iska daga waje.
Rashin hasara: Wannan hanyar hygroscopic ce kawai. Dole ne a duba shi bayan an ƙara desiccant. Koyaushe kula da rashin jin daɗin maganin. Idan rashin daidaituwa ya faru, maye gurbin shi cikin lokaci.
2. Hanyar bushewa
Wannan hanyar ita ce magudana ruwa lokacin da ruwan tukunyar jirgi ya ragu zuwa 100 ~ 120 ° C lokacin da tukunyar jirgi ya rufe. Lokacin da ruwan ya ƙare, yi amfani da ragowar zafi a cikin tanderun don yin zafi ko shigar da iska mai zafi a cikin tanderun don bushewar ciki na tukunyar jirgi.
Rashin hasara: Wannan hanya ta dace ne kawai don kariya ta wucin gadi na tukunyar jirgi yayin kiyayewa.
3. Hanyar cajin hydrogen
Hanyar cajin nitrogen shine don cajin hydrogen a cikin tsarin ruwan tukunyar jirgi da kuma kula da wani matsi mai kyau don hana iska daga shiga. Tunda hydrogen ba shi da aiki sosai kuma baya lalacewa, yana iya hana lalatawar tukunyar jirgi.
Hanyar ita ce:kafin rufe tanderun, haɗa bututun mai cike da nitrogen. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin tanderu ya ragu zuwa ma'auni 0.5, hydrogen Silinda ya fara aika nitrogen zuwa digon tukunyar jirgi da mai tattalin arziki ta bututun wucin gadi. Bukatun: (1) Nitrogen tsarki ya kamata ya kasance sama da 99%. (2) Lokacin da tanderun da ba kowa ya cika da nitrogen; Matsakaicin nitrogen a cikin tanderun ya kamata ya kasance sama da ma'aunin ma'auni 0.5. (3) Lokacin cika da nitrogen, duk bawuloli da ke cikin tsarin ruwan tukunyar ya kamata a rufe su kuma su kasance da ƙarfi don hana zubewa. (4) A lokacin lokacin kariyar cajin nitrogen, matsa lamba na hydrogen a cikin tsarin ruwa da matsananciyar tukunyar jirgi dole ne a koyaushe a kula da shi. Idan an sami yawan amfani da nitrogen, ya kamata a nemo ruwan kuma a kawar da shi nan da nan.
Rashin hasara:Kuna buƙatar kula da hankali sosai ga matsalolin zubar da hydrogen, bincika lokaci a kowace rana, kuma magance matsalolin cikin lokaci. Wannan hanya ta dace ne kawai don kariyar tukunyar jirgi waɗanda ba su da sabis na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
4. Hanyar cika ammonia
Hanyar cikewar ammonia ita ce a cika dukkan ƙarar tukunyar tukunyar da iskar ammonia bayan an rufe tukunyar jirgi kuma an saki ruwa. Ammoniya ta narke a cikin fim din ruwa a kan saman karfe, yana samar da fim mai kariya mai lalata a saman karfe. Ammoniya kuma na iya rage solubility na iskar oxygen a cikin fim ɗin ruwa kuma ya hana lalata ta hanyar narkar da iskar oxygen.
Hasara: Lokacin amfani da hanyar cika ammonia, yakamata a cire sassan jan karfe don kula da matsa lamba a cikin tukunyar jirgi.
5. Hanyar sutura
Bayan tukunyar jirgi ya ƙare, zubar da ruwan, cire datti, kuma bushe saman karfe. Sannan a yi amfani da fentin fenti na hana lalata a ko'ina a saman karfen don hana lalatawar tukunyar jirgi. Ana yin fenti na hana lalata gabaɗaya da baƙar foda mai guba da man injin a wani kaso. Lokacin rufewa, ana buƙatar duk sassan da za a iya tuntuɓar su dole ne a yi su daidai.
Rashin hasara: Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri kuma ta dace da kiyayewar murhu na dogon lokaci; duk da haka, yana da wuya a yi aiki a aikace kuma ba shi da sauƙi a fenti a sasanninta, welds, da ganuwar bututu waɗanda ke da haɗari ga lalata, don haka ya dace kawai don kariyar ka'idar.
2. Hanyar rigar
1. Hanyar maganin alkaline:
Wannan hanyar tana amfani da hanyar ƙara alkali don cika tukunyar jirgi da ruwa tare da ƙimar pH sama da 10. Samar da fim ɗin kariya mai jure lalata a saman ƙarfe don hana narkar da iskar oxygen daga lalata ƙarfe. Maganin alkali da ake amfani da shi shine NaOH, Na3PO4 ko cakuda biyun.
Lalacewar: Ana buƙatar kulawa don kiyaye daidaituwar alkali mai daidaituwa a cikin maganin, akai-akai saka idanu akan ƙimar pH na tukunyar jirgi, da kula da samuwar sikelin da aka samu.
2. Hanyar kariya ta sodium sulfite
Sodium sulfite shine wakili mai ragewa wanda ke amsawa tare da narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa don samar da sodium sulfate. Wannan yana hana saman ƙarfe daga lalacewa ta hanyar narkar da iskar oxygen. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da hanyar kariyar gauraye maganin trisodium phosphate da sodium nitrite. Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa wannan ruwa mai gauraye zai iya samar da fim mai kariya a saman karfe don hana lalata karfe.
Lalacewar: Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar kariya ta rigar, yakamata a zubar da maganin da tsabta kuma a tsaftace shi sosai kafin a fara tanderun gani, kuma a sake ƙara ruwa.
3. Hanyar zafi
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar idan lokacin rufewa ya kasance cikin kwanaki 10. Hanyar ita ce shigar da tankin ruwa a sama da gandun tururi da kuma haɗa shi da gandun tururi tare da bututu. Bayan an kashe tukunyar jirgi, sai a cika shi da ruwa mai narkewa, kuma yawancin tankin ruwa yana cike da ruwa. Tankin ruwa yana zafi da tururi na waje, don haka ruwan da ke cikin tankin ruwa koyaushe yana kula da yanayin tafasa.
Lalacewa: Rashin wannan hanyar shine tana buƙatar tushen tururi na waje don samar da tururi.
4. Hanyar kariya don tsayawa (ajiyayyen) amfani da amines masu yin fim
Wannan hanyar ita ce ƙara wakilai masu ƙirƙirar fim ɗin amine zuwa tsarin thermal lokacin da matsa lamba na tukunyar jirgi da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa yanayin da ya dace yayin rufe rukunin. Ma'aikatan suna zagawa da tururi da ruwa, kuma kwayoyin halittar suna daɗaɗa sosai akan saman ƙarfe kuma suna daidaitawa bi da bi. Shirye-shiryen yana samar da tsarin kariya na kwayoyin halitta tare da "tasirin garkuwa" don hana ƙaura na caji da abubuwa masu lalata (oxygen, carbon dioxide, danshi) a kan saman karfe don cimma manufar hana lalata karfe.
Rashin hasara: Babban bangaren wannan wakili shine alkanes masu tsafta mai tsafta da amines masu samar da fina-finai a tsaye akan octadecylamine. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wakilai, yana da tsada da wahala don gudanarwa.
Hanyoyin kulawa da ke sama sun fi sauƙi don aiki a cikin amfanin yau da kullum kuma yawancin masana'antu da kamfanoni suna amfani da su. Koyaya, a cikin ainihin tsarin aiki, zaɓin hanyoyin kulawa shima ya bambanta sosai saboda dalilai daban-daban da lokuta daban-daban na rufe murhun. A cikin ainihin aiki, zaɓin hanyoyin kulawa gabaɗaya yana bin abubuwan da ke gaba:
1. Idan an rufe tanderun fiye da watanni uku, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyar desiccant a cikin busassun hanya.
2. Idan an rufe tanderun na tsawon watanni 1-3, ana iya amfani da hanyar maganin alkali ko hanyar sodium nitrite.
3. Bayan tukunyar jirgi ya daina aiki, idan za'a iya farawa a cikin sa'o'i 24, ana iya amfani da hanyar kiyaye matsi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan hanyar don tukunyar jirgi da ke aiki na ɗan lokaci ko kuma ba sa aiki a cikin mako guda. Amma matsa lamba a cikin tanderu dole ne ya zama mafi girma fiye da yanayin yanayi. Idan an sami matsin lamba ya ragu kaɗan, dole ne a kunna wuta don ƙara matsa lamba a cikin lokaci.
4. Lokacin da aka dakatar da tukunyar jirgi saboda kulawa, ana iya amfani da hanyar bushewa. Idan babu buƙatar sakin ruwa, ana iya amfani da hanyar kiyaye matsa lamba. Idan tukunyar jirgi bayan kiyayewa ba za a iya sanya shi cikin aiki cikin lokaci ba. Ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kariya masu dacewa bisa ga tsawon lokacin bashi.
5. Lokacin amfani da kariyar rigar, yana da kyau a kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin tukunyar jirgi sama da 10 ° C kuma kada a ƙasa da 0 ° C don guje wa daskarewa ga kayan aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-13-2023
