Ma boilers a mafakitale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi, mafakitale opanga mankhwala, mafakitale opepuka ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabizinesi ndi mabungwe. Boiler ikatha ntchito, mpweya wambiri umalowa m'madzi a boiler. Ngakhale kuti chotenthetsera chatulutsa madzi, pali filimu yamadzi pamtunda wake wachitsulo, ndipo mpweya udzasungunuka mmenemo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machulukitsidwe, omwe amatsogolera kukokoloka kwa okosijeni. Pakakhala mchere wambiri pamwamba pa chitsulo chowotchera, chomwe chimatha kusungunuka mufilimu yamadzi, dzimbiri izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti dzimbiri lambiri m'ma boilers nthawi zambiri limapangidwa panthawi yotseka ndipo limapitilira kukula pakagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kutenga njira zodzitchinjiriza panthawi yotseka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupewe dzimbiri za boiler, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa boiler.
Pali njira zambiri zopewera dzimbiri zotsekera moto, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira youma ndi njira yonyowa.
1. Njira youma
1. Njira ya Desiccant
Ukadaulo wa Desiccant umatanthawuza kuti chotenthetseracho chikayimitsidwa, kutentha kwa madzi kutsika mpaka 100 ~ 120 ° C, madzi onse adzatulutsidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa zinyalala mu ng'anjo kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziume pamwamba pazitsulo; panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu boiler madzi kuchotsedwa , slag ya madzi ndi zinthu zina zimatulutsidwa. Desiccant imayikidwa mu boiler kuti ikhale yowuma kuti isawonongeke. Ma desiccants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi awa: CaCl2, CaO, ndi silika gel.
Kuyika kwa desiccant: Gawani mankhwalawa mu mbale zingapo zadothi ndikuziyika pama boilers osiyanasiyana. Panthawiyi, ma valve onse a soda ndi madzi ayenera kutsekedwa kuti asalowe mpweya wakunja.
Zoyipa zake: Njira iyi ndi ya hygroscopic yokha. Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mutatha kuwonjezera desiccant. Nthawi zonse tcherani khutu ku deliquescence ya mankhwala. Ngati deliquescence ichitika, sinthani munthawi yake.
2. Kuyanika njira
Njirayi ndi kukhetsa madzi pamene kutentha kwa madzi a boiler kumatsika mpaka 100 ~ 120 ° C pamene chowotchera chatsekedwa. Madzi akatha, gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kotsalira mu ng'anjo kuti muphimbe kapena kuyambitsa mpweya wotentha mu ng'anjo kuti muwumitse mkati mwa chowotcha.
Zoipa: Njirayi ndi yoyenera kutetezedwa kwakanthawi kwa ma boilers panthawi yokonza.
3. Njira yolipirira haidrojeni
Njira yolipiritsa nayitrojeni ndikuthira haidrojeni kulowa m'madzi otenthetsera ndikusunga mpweya wabwino kuti mpweya usalowe. Popeza haidrojeni ndi yosagwira ntchito komanso yosawononga, imatha kuteteza kutentha kwa boiler.
Njira ndi:musanatseke ng'anjo, gwirizanitsani payipi yodzaza nayitrogeni. Kuthamanga kwa ng'anjo kukatsika mpaka 0,5 geji, silinda ya haidrojeni imayamba kutumiza nayitrogeni ku ng'oma yowotchera ndi economizer kudzera mapaipi osakhalitsa. Zofunikira: (1) Kuyera kwa nayitrojeni kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 99%. (2) Pamene ng’anjo yopanda kanthu yadzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni; Kuthamanga kwa nayitrogeni mu ng'anjo kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 0,5 gauge. (3) Mukadzaza nayitrogeni, mavavu onse mumphika wamadzi ayenera kutsekedwa ndipo azikhala olimba kuti asatayike. (4) Munthawi yachitetezo cha nayitrogeni, mphamvu ya haidrojeni m'madzi ndi kuthina kwa boiler iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati kumwa kwambiri nayitrogeni kwapezeka, kutayikira kuyenera kupezeka ndikuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Zoyipa:Muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zovuta zakutulutsa kwa hydrogen, kuyang'ana nthawi tsiku lililonse, ndikuthana ndi mavuto munthawi yake. Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuteteza ma boilers omwe sagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa.
4. Njira yodzaza ndi ammonia
Njira yodzaza ammonia ndikudzaza voliyumu yonse ya boiler ndi mpweya wa ammonia boiler ikatsekedwa ndikutulutsa madzi. Ammonia amasungunuka mu filimu yamadzi pazitsulo zachitsulo, kupanga filimu yotetezera yosawonongeka pazitsulo. Ammonia amathanso kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mufilimu yamadzi ndikuletsa dzimbiri ndi mpweya wosungunuka.
Zoipa: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yodzaza ammonia, zigawo zamkuwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zisunge mphamvu ya ammonia mu boiler.
5. Njira yokutira
Boiler ikatha ntchito, tsitsani madzi, chotsani dothi, ndikuwumitsa chitsulocho. Kenaka mugwiritseni ntchito utoto wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri pamwamba pazitsulo kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya boiler. Utoto woletsa dzimbiri nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi ufa wakuda wa lead ndi mafuta a injini mu gawo linalake. Mukamapaka, ndikofunikira kuti mbali zonse zomwe zingakhudzidwe ziyenera kukhala zokutira mofanana.
Zoipa: Njirayi ndi yothandiza komanso yoyenera kukonza ng'anjo yamoto kwa nthawi yayitali; komabe, ndizovuta kugwira ntchito ndipo sizovuta kujambula pamakona, ma welds, ndi makoma a chitoliro omwe amatha kuwononga, kotero ndizoyenera kutetezedwa mwachidziwitso.
2. Njira yonyowa
1. Njira yothetsera mchere wamchere:
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezeramo alkali kuti mudzaze chowotchera ndi madzi ndi pH mtengo wa pamwamba pa 10. Pangani filimu yoteteza zowonongeka pazitsulo kuti muteteze mpweya wosungunuka kuti usawononge zitsulo. Njira ya alkali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi NaOH, Na3PO4 kapena osakaniza awiriwo.
Zoipa: Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti mukhale ndi mchere wofanana wa alkali mu yankho, nthawi zambiri kuyang'anira mtengo wa pH ya boiler, ndi kulabadira mapangidwe a sikelo yotengedwa.
2. Njira yotetezera sodium sulfite
Sodium sulfite ndi chinthu chochepetsera chomwe chimagwira ndi mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi kupanga sodium sulfate. Izi zimalepheretsa zitsulo kuti zisawonongeke ndi mpweya wosungunuka. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yotetezera yosakanikirana ya trisodium phosphate ndi sodium nitrite ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Njirayi imachokera pa mfundo yakuti madzi osakanizawa amatha kupanga filimu yoteteza pamwamba pazitsulo kuti zisawonongeke zitsulo.
Kuipa: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yotetezera yonyowayi, yankho liyenera kutsanulidwa bwino ndi kutsukidwa bwino musanayambe ng'anjo ya macheka, ndipo madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwanso.
3. Njira ya kutentha
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthawi yotseka ili mkati mwa masiku 10. Njirayi ndikuyika tanki yamadzi pamwamba pa ng'oma ya nthunzi ndikuyilumikiza ku ng'oma ya nthunzi ndi chitoliro. Boiler ikatha, imadzazidwa ndi madzi opanda oxygen, ndipo thanki yambiri yamadzi imadzazidwa ndi madzi. Tanki yamadzi imatenthedwa ndi nthunzi yakunja, kotero kuti madzi mu thanki yamadzi nthawi zonse amakhalabe otentha.
Kuipa: Choyipa cha njirayi ndikuti chimafuna gwero lakunja la nthunzi kuti lipereke nthunzi.
4. Njira yotetezera kuyimitsa (zosunga zobwezeretsera) kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu opanga mafilimu
Njira iyi ndikuwonjezera organic amine film-forming agents ku matenthedwe mphamvu ya boiler ndi kutentha kutsika pamikhalidwe yoyenera panthawi yotseka unit. Othandizira amazungulira ndi nthunzi ndi madzi, ndipo mamolekyu amtunduwu amakopeka mwamphamvu pamwamba pazitsulo ndikuwongolera motsatizana. Kukonzekera kumapanga maselo oteteza maselo okhala ndi "chitetezo choteteza" kuteteza kusuntha kwa ndalama ndi zinthu zowonongeka (oksijeni, carbon dioxide, chinyezi) pamtunda wachitsulo kuti akwaniritse cholinga choletsa kuwononga zitsulo.
Zoipa: Chigawo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi ma alkanes oyeretsedwa kwambiri komanso ma amine omwe amapanga mafilimu opangidwa ndi octadecylamine. Poyerekeza ndi othandizira ena, ndizokwera mtengo komanso zovuta kupereka.
Njira zokonzera zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale ndi mabizinesi ambiri. Komabe, muzochitika zenizeni zogwirira ntchito, kusankha njira zosungirako kumakhalanso kosiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi zotsekera ng'anjo. M'ntchito zenizeni, kusankha njira zokonzera nthawi zambiri kumatsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:
1. Ngati ng'anjo yatsekedwa kwa miyezi yoposa itatu, njira ya desiccant mu njira youma iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Ngati ng'anjo yatsekedwa kwa miyezi 1-3, njira ya alkali solution kapena sodium nitrite ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
3. Chowotcha chikasiya kugwira ntchito, ngati chingayambike mkati mwa maola 24, njira yosungiramo mphamvu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa ma boiler omwe amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi kapena osagwira ntchito mkati mwa sabata. Koma kuthamanga kwa ng'anjo kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga. Ngati kuthamanga kwapezeka kuti kwatsika pang'ono, moto uyenera kuyambika kuti uwonjezere kuthamanga kwa nthawi.
4. Pamene boiler imayimitsidwa chifukwa chokonzekera, njira yowumitsa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati palibe chifukwa chomasula madzi, njira yosungira mphamvu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati chotenthetsera pambuyo kukonza sichingagwire ntchito munthawi yake. Njira zodzitetezera zofananira ziyenera kutengedwa molingana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yangongole.
5. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chonyowa, ndi bwino kusunga kutentha m'chipinda chowotchera pamwamba pa 10 ° C osati pansi pa 0 ° C kuti musawononge kuzizira kwa zipangizo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-13-2023
