Ubwino wa nthunzi yamakampani ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo

Zizindikiro zaukadaulo za nthunzi zimawonetsedwa pazofunikira pakupangira nthunzi, mayendedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kutentha, kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala ndi zina.Zizindikiro zaukadaulo wa nthunzi zimafuna kuti njira iliyonse yopangira, kumanga, kukonza, kukonza, ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa makina a nthunzi ikhale yololera komanso yovomerezeka.Dongosolo labwino la nthunzi lingathandize ogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu ndi 5-50%, zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo labwino pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe.

Nthunzi ya m'mafakitale iyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa: 1. Ikhoza kufika pamene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito;2. Khalidwe lolondola;3. Kuthamanga koyenera ndi kutentha;4. Ilibe mpweya ndi mpweya wosasunthika;5. Oyera;6. Zouma

Mkhalidwe wolondola umatanthauza kuti malo ogwiritsira ntchito nthunzi ayenera kupeza kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yoyenera, zomwe zimafunika kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ndikusankha bwino mapaipi operekera nthunzi.

Kuthamanga koyenera ndi kutentha kumatanthauza kuti nthunzi iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yolondola ikafika pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito, apo ayi ntchito idzakhudzidwa.Izi zikugwirizananso ndi kusankha kolondola kwa mapaipi.

Kupimidwa koyezera kuthamanga kumangosonyeza kukakamizidwa, koma sikunena nkhani yonse.Mwachitsanzo, pamene nthunzi ili ndi mpweya ndi mpweya wina wosasunthika, kutentha kwa nthunzi kwenikweni sikuli kutentha kwa machulukidwe pamagetsi ogwirizana ndi tebulo la nthunzi.
Mpweya ukasakanizidwa ndi nthunzi, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi kumakhala kochepa poyerekezera ndi nthunzi yoyera, kutanthauza kutentha kochepa.Zotsatira zake zitha kufotokozedwa ndi lamulo la Dalton la kukakamiza pang'ono.

Kwa chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi nthunzi, mphamvu yonse ya gasi wosakanikirana ndi chiwerengero cha zovuta za gawo lililonse la gasi lomwe likugwira danga lonselo.

Ngati kupanikizika kwa gasi wosakanikirana wa nthunzi ndi mpweya ndi 1barg (2bara), kupanikizika komwe kumasonyezedwa ndi kupima kuthamanga ndi 1Barg, koma kwenikweni mphamvu ya nthunzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida za nthunzi panthawiyi ndi yosakwana 1barg.Ngati chipangizochi chikufuna 1 bag ya nthunzi kuti chifike povotera, ndizotsimikizika kuti sichingaperekedwe panthawiyi.

Muzochita zambiri, pali malire a kutentha kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa mankhwala kapena thupi.Ngati nthunzi inyamula chinyezi imachepetsa kutentha pa unit mass of nthunzi (enthalpy of evaporation).Mpweya uyenera kukhala wouma momwe ungathere.Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa kutentha pa unit misa yonyamulidwa ndi nthunzi, madontho a madzi mu nthunzi adzawonjezera makulidwe a filimu yamadzi pamwamba pa kutentha kwa kutentha ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa kutentha, motero kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa kutentha kwa kutentha.

Pali magwero ambiri a zonyansa m'makina a nthunzi, monga: 1. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono totengedwa kuchokera kumadzi otentha chifukwa cha ntchito yolakwika ya boiler;2. Sikelo ya chitoliro;3. kuwotcherera slag;4. Zida zolumikizira mapaipi.Zinthu zonsezi zimatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito amtundu wanu wa nthunzi.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa: 1. Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku boiler amatha kudziunjikira pamtunda wotentha, potero amachepetsa kutentha;2. Zonyansa zapaipi ndi zinthu zina zakunja zingakhudze ntchito ya ma valve olamulira ndi misampha.

Pofuna kuteteza zinthuzi, mankhwala amadzi amatha kuchitidwa kuti awonjezere chiyero cha madzi omwe amalowa m'zida, kukonza madzi abwino, komanso kusintha mpweya wabwino.Zosefera zitha kukhazikitsidwanso pamapaipi.

Jenereta ya nthunzi ya Nobeth imatha kupanga nthunzi yoyera kwambiri kudzera pakutentha kwambiri.Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zida zopangira madzi, imatha kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino ndikuteteza zida kuti zisakhudzidwe.