Q: Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito jenereta ya nthunzi kuti muchotse zimbudzi?

A:
Masiku ano, kuzindikira kwa chilengedwe kwa anthu kukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyitanidwa kwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe kukukulirakulira. Popanga mafakitale, padzakhala madzi ambiri otayira, zimbudzi, madzi akupha, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira zapadera. Ngati sichisamalidwa bwino, ndizosavuta kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso zimakhudzanso chilengedwe chapafupi. ku matenda a anthu. Ndiye kodi ma jenereta a nthunzi amachita bwanji ndi nkhani zoyipitsidwazi?
Mwachitsanzo, zamagetsi fakitale kuyeretsa zimbudzi. Malinga ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana amagetsi, matabwa ozungulira ndi zida zamagetsi ziyenera kutsukidwa panthawi yopanga. Panthawi yoyeretsa, madzi onyansa aakulu adzawonekera. Madzi oipawa amakhala ndi malata ambiri, lead, ndi cyanide. Mankhwala, chromium ya hexavalent, trivalent chromium, ndi zina zotero, ndi madzi oipa a organic nawonso ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chokhwima asanatulutsidwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, opanga magetsi ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma jenereta a nthunzi kuti azitha kutulutsa mpweya wamitundu itatu kuti ayeretse kuipitsidwa kwa madzi.
Pamene evaporator ya katatu ikugwira ntchito, jenereta ya nthunzi imafunika kuti ipereke mphamvu ya kutentha kwa nthunzi ndi kupanikizika.

M'nyengo yozizira yozungulira, nthunzi yachiwiri yomwe imapangidwa ndi madzi otayira idzasinthidwa mofulumira kukhala madzi osungunuka, ndipo madzi osungunuka amatha kukhala mosalekeza Madzi amachotsedwa ndikubwezeretsanso mu dziwe. Njirayi ingapezeke ndi ma jenereta a nthunzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zochitira nthunzi zonyansa, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yokwanira komanso kupitilira kwa nthunzi kumafunika, ndipo jenereta ya nthunzi imatha kugwira ntchito maola 24 patsiku osatulutsa zinyalala. Otsala utsi mpweya ndi madzi oipa.

Ndipotu, kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi koopsa kwambiri, makamaka ntchito ya mafakitale isanapite patsogolo. Madzi a mumtsinjewo ankamwedwa mwachindunji. Zinali zokoma ndi zokoma. Mutha kuonanso kuti madzi a mumtsinjewo anali oyera kwambiri. Koma madzi a m'mitsinje amasiku ano ali ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri ndi ziphe zina zoipitsa, komanso zinthu zomwe zili pa tebulo la periodic, zimapezeka m'mitsinje, ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Masiku ano, pansi pa ulamuliro wamphamvu wa boma, vuto la kuipitsa madzi lidzathetsedwa bwino. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso lamakono komanso kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe cha anthu, anthu adzakhala osamala kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zimbudzi ndi madzi onyansa.
The nthunzi jenereta sangakhoze kokha ntchito atatu zotsatira evaporator kuyeretsa zimbudzi, komanso ntchito vacuum evaporation ndi ndende kuti asungunuke zimbudzi mafakitale mu mpweya ndi kulimbikitsa zoipitsa. Itha kuchitanso distillation ndi condensation processing, kulola mpweya wotuluka kuti usungunuke ndikusungunulidwa kuti ulekanitse, ndi madzi olekanitsidwa kuti aphimbidwe, kenako 90% yamadzi osungunuka amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ikhozanso kuyika kwambiri zowononga. Chimbudzicho chikaphwetsedwa, zowononga zotsalazo zimakhala zoipitsa. Panthawiyi, imatha kukhazikika ndiyeno zoipitsa zimatha kutulutsidwa.