Amashanyarazi ya gaze

Isuku yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi vuba

Intangiriro kumashanyarazi ya gaze

1. Ibisobanuro
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, amashanyarazi akoreshwa na lisansi nigikoresho gikoresha imashini ikoresha mazutu kugirango ashyushya amazi mumazi ashyushye cyangwa amavuta; amashanyarazi akoreshwa na gaze nigikoresho cyumukanishi ukoresha gaze karemano kugirango ashyushya amazi mumazi ashyushye cyangwa amavuta.

2. Umwanya wo gusaba
Amashanyarazi akomoka kuri peteroli akoreshwa mubinyabuzima, gutunganya ibiryo, ubuvuzi nubuvuzi, nibindi.; amashanyarazi ya gaze akwiranye na kantine nini, inganda ninzego, resitora y ibiribwa byihuse, igikoni cyamahoteri gisaba ibikoresho byo guteka, kuvugurura ingufu zogukoresha ibikoni byamahoteri, sauna, kuvugurura ingufu zogukoresha amashyanyarazi mato mato mato mato, nibindi.

3. Ihame ry'akazi
1. Amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi ya peteroli nigice cyingenzi cyuruganda rukora amashanyarazi. Mu ruganda rutaziguye rw'amashanyarazi, ingufu z'ubushyuhe zabonywe na coolant reactor ziva mu nsi yimurirwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri gikora kugirango gihindurwe. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimyuka ihumeka itanga ibyuka bishyushye hamwe nibyuka byuzuye hamwe na moteri itandukanya amazi hamwe nicyuma.
Imashini itanga amavuta igizwe nibice bibiri: igice cyamavuta ashyushye hamwe na moteri.

Igice cyamavuta ashyushye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwohereza ubushyuhe bwinjira mumiyoboro ya generator ikoresheje pompe yamavuta ashyushye cyangwa biturutse mumashanyarazi ashyushya itanura. Ubushyuhe buri muri tube bwimurirwa mumazi mumasafuri yinyuma yigituba anyuze kurukuta rwumuvuduko ku kigero runaka nubushyuhe, gushyushya amazi, kandi amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe arakonja hanyuma agasubira mu ziko ryashyushya kugirango akoreshwe.

Uruvange rwamakara hamwe numwuka wasohotse muri firime bivanga hanyuma bigatwikwa hamwe n’umwuka ushyushye mu ziko, ukarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Gazi ishyushye nyuma yo gutwikwa ikurikirana mu itanura, slag condensation tube bundle, superheater, economizer na preheater, hanyuma ikanyura mu gikoresho cyo gukuramo ivumbi kugirango ikureho ivu ryisazi, hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri chimney numufana wateguwe kugirango gusezererwa mu kirere.

2. Amashanyarazi ya gaze
Icyotsa kirekura ubushyuhe, kibanza kwinjizwa nurukuta rukonje rwamazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Amazi yo murukuta rwakonje rwamazi arabira kandi akavamo umwuka, bikabyara amavuta menshi yinjira murugoma rwamazi kugirango atandukane namazi. Imyuka itandukanijwe yuzuye yinjira muri superheater kandi ikomeza kwinjizwa hejuru yitanura ikoresheje imirasire hamwe na convection. Ubushyuhe bwa gaz ya flue ya horizontal flue hamwe numurizo wumurizo, kandi bigatuma amavuta ashyushye agera kubushyuhe bukenewe.

4. Ibyiza
Hariho ibyiza byinshi bya lisansi na gaze byikora byikora. Umwuka uratuje, kugabanya gutwara amazi, kandi hejuru yumwuka ni munini; amavuta yumye kandi yujuje ubuziranenge, agabanya gupima kurukuta rwa tube; urumuri rwumuriro rutemba rugana hepfo kugirango rukore umuyaga, rutuma uruzinduko Kuvanga bizamura imikorere yubushyuhe.

5. Ibiranga imanza
1. Sisitemu y'imikorere ya gaze ya lisansi itanga ingufu zose. Nyuma yo guhuza umurongo wamazi nogutanga amashanyarazi, ukeneye gusa gukanda buto kugirango winjire mubikorwa byikora. Nta bakozi badasanzwe basabwa gukora, bigatuma ibikorwa birushaho kugira umutekano kandi nta mpungenge.

2. Ikigega cy'imbere gifata imiyoboro itatu-ihagaritse y'amazi y'amazi ahuza imiterere. Imyuka ya flue na fines byuzuye neza kandi bihanahana ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro bugera kuri 92%. Amashanyarazi hamwe nicyotsa byakozwe muri rusange kugirango harebwe niba sisitemu yo gutwika igereranijwe, ikaba ari ihuriro ry’ibinyabuzima byo kuzigama ingufu n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kurengera ibidukikije.

3. Igikorwa cyuzuye cyo kugenzura byikora. Sisitemu y'imikorere ya boiler igenzurwa byimazeyo, kandi imikorere yose irashobora kugaragara neza kuri ecran ya LCD. Urashobora kwitegereza imikorere yumuriro, urwego rwamazi yumuriro, ubushyuhe bwubu, kugaburira pompe yamazi uko imeze, imiterere yikibazo, nibindi byerekana, bikagufasha gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo guteka igihe icyo aricyo cyose kandi ukagikoresha ufite ikizere cyinshi. Igicucu cyuburyo bumwe buto igufasha kwinjira mubikorwa byikora byuzuye ukanze rimwe gusa, nibikoresho byose birinda umutekano bitangira gukora.

4. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubumenyi nubumenyi. Ifite ibikoresho byinshi byo gukingirana bifatanyiriza hamwe nka valve yumutekano, kugenzura umuvuduko, hamwe n’uburinzi bwo kugenzura urwego rw’amazi, byizewe kandi bigakoresha imiterere y’amazi yo mu bwoko bwa finine yambukiranya itanura kugira ngo yishyure neza kwaguka kw’umuriro no gukumira kubyara ubushyuhe. kwaguka no kugabanuka, gukora imiterere ya boiler, kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi.

5. Umuvuduko wihuse. Igishushanyo mbonera cyamazi mato hamwe na selile nini igufasha kubona umwuka mugihe gito. Igikoresho cyubatswe-cyamazi gitandukanya icyuma cyumye cyane.

Kuruhande rwihungabana ryubukungu no kugabanuka kwiterambere ryubukungu, iterambere ryubukungu ryinjiye mubyiciro bishya byiterambere. Muri ibi bihe bitoroshye, iterambere ryingeri zose ryagize ingaruka cyane. Icyakora, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu mu myaka yashize ndetse no kwiyongera gahoro gahoro ku muturage ukoresha, umushahara w’abakozi nawo wazamutse. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, haracyari umubare munini wibigo bidashobora kwinjiza abakozi, byongera kuburyo butagaragara ibiciro byimikorere yikigo.

Muri ibi bidukikije, ibigo bifuza kubaho no kwiteza imbere. Niba badashobora gufata ingamba zo kugenzura ibiciro byabo, noneho isosiyete izamirwa gusa numuraba muriki gihe cyimivumba ikomeye.

Reka dufate urugero rwinganda zitunganya ibiryo. Inganda zitunganya ibiribwa ninganda zisaba akazi cyane, kandi gutunganya ibiribwa ninganda zidaharanira inyungu. Kubwibyo, ntabwo byoroshye ko imishinga ibaho kandi igatera imbere muriki gihe cyubukungu bwifashe nabi nu mushahara uzamuka. Kubwibyo, uruganda rutunganya ibiryo rugomba kugerageza uko rushoboye kugirango rugenzure ibiciro byubucuruzi bishoboka hashobora kutangiza inyungu z abakozi. Noneho inzira yo gusohoka ni ukugura ibikoresho bizigama ingufu kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, duhereye kumurongo uhuza umusaruro, kugirango umusaruro unoze kandi ugabanye gukoresha ingufu icyarimwe.

Reka dufate amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bikoreshwa muguteka mubihingwa bitunganya ibiryo, nkurugero. Isoko rikoresha ahanini amakara, peteroli, gaze, biomass no gushyushya amashanyarazi nka lisansi. Guhitamo ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi ashobora guhuza ibikenerwa na sosiyete yawe bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Mubisanzwe, amasosiyete manini atunganya ibiribwa akoresha amakara, peteroli, gaze, na biyomasi nkibicanwa kubera ubwinshi bwabyo.

Nyamara, kubera imbaraga zigenda ziyongera mu kugenzura ibidukikije, biragaragara ko ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara adakwiye, bityo amashanyarazi akoresha amavuta, gaze, cyangwa biyomasi nka lisansi ashobora gukoreshwa. Ku nganda ntoya zitunganya ibiribwa, amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi asa nkaho ahuye nukuri nisosiyete ikora. Kuberako amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi akoresha ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi arashobora gukoreshwa ukurikije uko umusaruro wabereye muruganda, ushobora kuzigama neza no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.

Kantine na resitora, nkahantu hakorerwa amafunguro manini kandi amatsinda akarya, bifite ibyangombwa byinshi byo guteka. Niba ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro utekanye, bizigama ingufu kandi bitangiza ibidukikije bidakoreshejwe, byanze bikunze bizagira ingaruka mbi kumusaruro usanzwe wibiryo, bityo bigira ingaruka kumikorere no muri resitora ya kantine.

Kubyerekeranye nisoko ryingufu zumuriro muri kantine na resitora, kera kantine na resitora ahanini byakoreshaga ibiti, amakara, nibindi nkisoko yingufu. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryabaturage, ayo masoko yingufu yagiye agabanuka buhoro buhoro abantu batabona, kubera ko ikoreshwa ryayo masoko yingufu atari imikorere gusa ni mike, izabyara umwanda, kandi umutekano ntushobora kwizerwa neza. Hamwe ningufu zigenda zigaragara mumyaka yashize, kantine na resitora nyinshi zikoresha amasoko yingufu zumuriro: gushyushya amashanyarazi, amavuta ya lisansi, gaze na biomass. Ibintu bikoreshwa nkisoko nyamukuru yingufu.

Imashini itanga ibyuka, nanone bita amashyiga mato, ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gushyushya muguteka ibiryo muri kantine na resitora. Kuberako ingano ya moteri itanga munsi ya 30L, ishyirwa mubyuma. Ntibikenewe ko usaba ibyemezo byo gukoresha ibyuma bigoye, bikiza abaguzi ibibazo byinshi.

Amashanyarazi ya lisansi na gaze yakoreshejwe mu nganda za kantine na resitora kubera igiciro cyayo gito, kubuzwa guke, igihe cyo kubyara amavuta, no koroshya imikoreshereze. Ihame ryibanze ryakazi ni: gutwika kurekura ubushyuhe, bwinjizwa bwa mbere nurukuta rukonje rwamazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Amazi yo murukuta rwakonje rwamazi arabira kandi akavamo umwuka, bikabyara amavuta menshi yinjira murugoma rwamazi kugirango atandukane namazi. Umwuka wuzuye wuzuye winjira muri superheater hanyuma ushyuha binyuze mumirasire kandi uburyo bwa convection bukomeje gukuramo ubushyuhe bwa gaz ya flue kuva hejuru yitanura hamwe na horizontal flue hamwe numurizo wumurizo, kandi bigatuma amavuta ashyushye agera kubushyuhe bukenewe.

Amashanyarazi ya gaze ya peteroli afite ibintu bikurikira:

1. Byihuta kubyara amavuta muminota 2-3, ubushyuhe bwumuriro burashobora kugera hejuru ya 95%, umuvuduko urahagaze, kandi nigiciro cyo gukora ni gito.
2. Sisitemu yimikorere yuzuye kandi ikora murwego rwo hejuru rwamazi yo murwego rwo kurinda, ikiza abakozi.
3. Urusaku ruke, umwotsi muto hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya ikirere, nta mwotsi wirabura, wujuje byimazeyo ibipimo by’ibyuka byo mu rwego rwa mbere byo mu karere, bitangiza ibidukikije kandi byizewe.

4. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibiryo byinshi: amafi yinkono yamabuye, umuceri uhumeka, isafuriya yumuceri, imigati, ibikomoka kuri soya, nibindi. Inkono imwe ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi.
5. Ntoya kandi yuzuye, isura nziza, imiterere yoroheje kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho.

Kuberako ibyuma bitanga amashyanyarazi bitandukanye nibyuma bisanzwe kuko bidasaba ubugenzuzi bwumwaka, abakoresha benshi baherutse kumbaza kubyerekeye ihame ryamashanyarazi nuburyo amashanyarazi akora. Uyu munsi nzasesengura moteri ya moteri yawe. ihame ry'akazi.

Kubijyanye na sisitemu y'amazi n'umwuka wa moteri itanga ingufu, amazi yo kugaburira ashyushya ubushyuhe runaka mubushuhe, yinjira mubukungu binyuze mumiyoboro itanga amazi, arashyuha cyane hanyuma yoherezwa ku ngoma, avanga n'amazi y'inkono na hanyuma akamanuka kumanuka kumugezi wamazi yinjira mumutwe. Amazi yo mu rukuta rwakonje rwamazi akurura ubushyuhe bukabije bw itanura kugirango habeho imvange-yamazi ivanze ningoma ikoresheje umuyoboro uzamuka. Amazi na parike bitandukanijwe nigikoresho cyo gutandukanya amazi-amazi.

Imyuka itandukanijwe yatembye iva mu gice cyo hejuru cyingoma igana kuri superheater ya moteri ya parike, ikomeza kwinjiza ubushyuhe kandi ihinduka ubushyuhe bukabije kuri 450 ° C, hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri turbine. Kubijyanye no gutwika hamwe na sisitemu yo mu kirere, blower yohereza umwuka mubushuhe bwo mu kirere kugirango bishyuhe ubushyuhe runaka. Amakara yashegeshwe, ashyirwa mubwiza runaka mu ruganda rwamakara, atwarwa nigice cyumuyaga ushyushye uva mumashanyarazi hanyuma agaterwa mu itanura akoresheje icyotezo. Uruvange rwamakara hamwe numwuka wasohotse muri firime bivanga hanyuma bigatwikwa hamwe n’umwuka ushyushye mu ziko, ukarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Gazi ishyushye nyuma yo gutwikwa ikurikirana mu itanura, slag condensation tube bundle, superheater, economizer na preheater, hanyuma ikanyura mu gikoresho cyo gukuramo ivumbi kugirango ikureho ivu ryisazi, hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri chimney numufana wateguwe kugirango gusezererwa mu kirere.