A ：
Amazi nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe mumashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, gutunganya amazi yinganda zitanga amazi bigira uruhare runini mugukora neza, ubukungu, umutekano, nigikorwa cya moteri ikora. Ihuza amahame yo gutunganya amazi, amazi yegeranye, amazi yo kwisiga, hamwe no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Mubice byinshi, itangiza ingaruka zo gutunganya amazi yinganda zitunganya inganda kumikoreshereze yingufu zitanga ingufu.
Ubwiza bw’amazi bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikoreshereze yingufu zitanga ingufu. Ibibazo by’amazi biterwa no gufata neza amazi mubisanzwe bitera ibibazo nko gupima, kwangirika, no kongera umuvuduko w’amazi y’amashanyarazi, bigatuma igabanuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bw’amashanyarazi buri wese kugabanuka kw'ijanisha bizongera ingufu zikoreshwa kuri 1.2 kugeza 1.5.
Kugeza ubu, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi mu nganda rushobora kugabanywamo intambwe ebyiri: gutunganya amazi hanze yinkono no gutunganya amazi imbere yinkono. Akamaro kombi ni ukwirinda kwangirika no gupima amashanyarazi.
Ibyibandwaho mu mazi hanze yinkono ni koroshya amazi no gukuraho umwanda nka calcium, ogisijeni, hamwe nu munyu wa magnesium ugaragara mumazi mbisi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura umubiri, imiti n’amashanyarazi; mugihe amazi ari mumasafuriya akoresha imiti yinganda nkuburyo bwibanze bwo kuvura.
Kubijyanye no gutunganya amazi hanze yinkono, nigice cyingenzi cyo gutunganya amazi ya generator, hari ibyiciro bitatu. Uburyo bwa sodium ion yo guhanahana uburyo bukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi yoroshye birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwamazi, ariko ubunyobwa bwamazi ntibushobora kugabanuka.
Igipimo cyerekana amashanyarazi gishobora kugabanywamo sulfate, karubone, igipimo cya silike hamwe nubunini buvanze. Ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe gitanga ibyuma, imikorere yacyo yohereza ubushyuhe ni 1/20 kugeza 1/240 gusa byanyuma. Gukora nabi bizagabanya cyane imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro wa moteri, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwo gutwikwa butwarwa numwotsi mwinshi, bigatuma igabanuka ryumusaruro wamashanyarazi hamwe nubwiza bwamazi. Lmm gukora nabi bizatera igihombo cya 3% kugeza 5%.
Uburyo bwa sodium ion yo guhanahana amakuru muri iki gihe bukoreshwa mu koroshya imiti biragoye kugera ku ntego yo gukuraho alkali. Kugira ngo ibice by’umuvuduko bitangirika, amashanyarazi y’inganda agomba kugenzurwa binyuze mu gusohora imyanda no gutunganya amazi y’inkono kugira ngo ubwinshi bw’amazi meza bugere ku gipimo.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, igipimo cyo gusohora imyanda y’inganda zikomoka mu nganda zikomoka mu nganda zahoraga hagati ya 10% na 20%, kandi buri 1% kwiyongera ku gipimo cy’isohoka ry’imyanda bizatera igihombo cya lisansi kwiyongera 0.3% kugeza kuri 1%, bikagabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikoreshwa amashanyarazi; icya kabiri, Ubwiyongere bwumunyu wamazi uterwa no guhumeka hamwe na soda namazi nabyo bizatera ibikoresho byangiza kandi byongere ingufu zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.
Biterwa nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, amashanyarazi yinganda zifite ubushobozi buke akenshi akenera gushyiramo amashanyarazi. Hano haribibazo bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byayo: gukoresha amavuta menshi bigabanya gukoresha neza ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi; itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yubushyuhe bwo gutanga amazi yumuriro wa parike hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bwamazi yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe buba bunini, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2023
