Ikibazo: Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yo gutekesha ibyuka, ibyuka byamazi ashyushye hamwe namavuta yubushyuhe?

A:
Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwa lisansi bukoreshwa cyane ni ibyuka bya gaz hamwe nitanura rya gaz yumuriro.
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yo gutekesha ibyuka, ibyuka byamazi ashyushye hamwe nitanura ryamavuta yubushyuhe nuko amashyiga atanga amavuta, amashyanyarazi yamazi atanga amazi ashyushye, naho itanura ryamavuta yubushyuhe ritanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Bitatu bifite imikoreshereze itandukanye.

Amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yagaragaye mbere kandi yamye akoreshwa nabantu. Zikoreshwa cyane mukumisha no gushyushya inganda nyinshi nka peteroli, imiti, amavuta, gukora impapuro, imbaho ​​zububiko, ibiti, ibiryo, reberi, nibindi. Nyamara, kubera ibidukikije bitandukanye ku isi ndetse n’ibisabwa cyane n’ibisabwa ku mazi mu byuka, bifite aho bigarukira.

Nyuma yimyaka myinshi, abantu bize isano iri hagati yumuvuduko wikirere nikibanza kibira cyamazi atandukanye nkamazi namavuta, hanyuma bavumbura amavuta yumuriro, bakoresheje ubushyuhe bwinshi numuvuduko muke wamavuta yubushyuhe kugirango basimbuze ibyuka. Ugereranije no gutekesha ibyuka, amavuta yubushyuhe arashobora kugera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuvuduko muke kugirango bikemure umusaruro winganda; kubijyanye no gutwara ibice byamazi, mugihe ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere 300, umutwara ubushyuhe afite umuvuduko muke mwinshi kuruta amazi. Inshuro 70-80, kandi ntibyoroshye gukonja ahantu hakonje; irashobora gusimbuza ibyuka ikoresha amazi nkuburyo bwo gushyushya ahantu hafite amikoro mabi, kandi ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe.

Amashanyarazi:Ibikoresho byo gushyushya (burner) birekura ubushyuhe, bukabanza kwinjizwa nurukuta rukonje rwamazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Amazi yo murukuta rwakonjeshejwe n'amazi arabira kandi akavamo umwuka, bikabyara amavuta menshi kandi byinjira mu ngoma ya parike kugirango bitandukane n'amazi (usibye itanura rimwe). Umwuka wuzuye wuzuye winjira muri superheater ikomeje gukurura ubushyuhe bwa gaz ya flue kuva hejuru yitanura hamwe numuyoboro utambitse hamwe numurizo utambitse binyuze mumirasire hamwe na convection, kandi bigatuma amavuta ashyushye agera kubushyuhe bukenewe.

Itanura ryamavuta yubushyuhe ni itanura ryamazi akoresha amavuta yumuriro nkumutwara kandi afite ibiranga umuvuduko muke nubushyuhe bwinshi.
Amashanyarazi akoresha amazi nkuburyo bwo kubyara umwuka. Ugereranije n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n'umuvuduko muke w'itanura ryamavuta yumuriro, bigomba kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi.

Amazi ashyushyeni igikoresho gitanga gusa amazi ashyushye kandi kidasaba ubugenzuzi.
Amashanyarazi ashobora kugabanywamo amashyanyarazi, amashyanyarazi akoreshwa na peteroli, amavuta akoreshwa na gaz, nibindi ukurikije lisansi; ukurikije imiterere, zirashobora kugabanwa mubyuma bihagaritse hamwe na parike ya horizontal. Amashanyarazi mato mato ahanini ni imwe cyangwa inshuro ebyiri zisubira inyuma. Amashanyarazi menshi afite ibyerekezo bitatu-bitambitse.

Itanura ryamavuta yumuriro

Amavuta yohereza amashyuza, azwi kandi nk'utwara ubushyuhe kama cyangwa amavuta yo hagati yubushyuhe, yakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe hagati mu gihe cyo guhanahana ubushyuhe mu nganda mu myaka irenga mirongo itanu. Itanura ryamavuta yumuriro ni itanura ryumuriro utwara ubushyuhe. Itanura ritwara ubushyuhe kama ni ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byatejwe imbere nabatekinisiye ba sosiyete yacu hashingiwe ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’itanura ry’amashyanyarazi yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ikoresha amakara nkisoko yubushyuhe namavuta yubushyuhe nkutwara ubushyuhe. Ihatirwa na pompe yamavuta ashyushye. Kuzenguruka, gukora neza kandi bizigama ingufu zitanga ubushyuhe butanga ubushyuhe kubikoresho byo gushyushya.

Ugereranije no gushyushya amavuta, gukoresha amavuta yubushyuhe mu gushyushya bifite ibyiza byo gushyushya kimwe, gukora byoroshye, umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu, kugenzura ubushyuhe bukabije, hamwe n’umuvuduko muke. Yakoreshejwe cyane nkuburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe mubikorwa bya kijyambere. Porogaramu.

Muri rusange, mu turere tumwe na tumwe, gusimbuza ibyuka byamavuta hamwe nubushyuhe bwamavuta yumuriro bifite ibyiza bikomeye. Ukurikije kandi amasoko atandukanye akenera, amashyiga hamwe na peteroli yumuriro bifite aho bihurira.

Amashanyarazi, amashyanyarazi ashyushye hamwe n’itanura ryamavuta yubushyuhe byose birashobora kugabanwa ukurikije ubwoko bwa lisansi: nkibikomoka kuri gaze ya gaz, ibyuka byamazi ashyushye, itanura ryamavuta ya gaz, hamwe nigitoro nka peteroli, biomass, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi.