Mubvunzo: Nzira yekusiyanisa sei pakati pemvura yakazara uye inopisa inopisa?

A:

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, jenareta rehutsi iboiler yeindasitiri inopisa mvura kusvika kumwero wakati kuburitsa hutsi hwepamusoro. Vashandisi vanogona kushandisa steam kugadzira maindasitiri kana kudziyisa sezvinodiwa.

Steam jenareta mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kushandisa. Kunyanya, majenareta emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoshandisa simba rakachena akachena uye haana kusvibiswa.

Kana mvura ikanyunguruka munzvimbo yakavharika yakaganhurirwa, mamorekuru emvura anopinda munzvimbo iri pamusoro nepamusoro pemvura uye ova mamorekuru emhute. Sezvo mamorekuru eutsi ari mumhirizhonga yekupisa kwekufamba, anodhumhana, madziro emudziyo uye pamusoro pemvura. Kana ichidhumhana nepamusoro pemvura, mamwe mamorekuru anokwezvwa nemamolekemu emvura uye anodzokera kumvura kuti ave mamorekuru emvura. . Panotanga kubuda evaporation, nhamba yemamorekuru anopinda muchadenga yakakura kudarika nhamba yemamorekuru anodzokera kumvura. Sezvo kubuda kwemhepo kunoenderera mberi, kuwanda kwemamorekuru emhute ari muchadenga kunoramba kuchiwedzera, saka huwandu hwemamorekuru anodzokera kumvura hunowedzerawo. Kana huwandu hwemamorekuru anopinda munzvimbo pachikamu chenguva akaenzana nehuwandu hwemamorekuru anodzokera kumvura, evaporation uye condensation ari muchimiro che dynamic equilibrium. Panguva ino, kunyangwe kunyungudika nekudzikama kuchiri kuenderera mberi, kuwanda kwemamorekuru emhute munzvimbo hakuchawedzeri. Nyika panguva iyi inonzi saturation state. Mvura inenge yakaguta inonzi saturated liquid, uye mhute yayo inodaidzwa kuti dry saturated steam (inonziwo saturated steam).

Kana mushandisi achida kuwana kwakaringana metering uye yekutarisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuibata semhepo inopisa uye kutsiva tembiricha nekumanikidza. Nekudaro, tichifunga nezvemitengo yezvinhu, vatengi vanogona zvakare kubhadhara tembiricha chete. Iyo yakanakira saturated steam state inoreva hukama-hunoenderana pakati petembiricha, kudzvanywa uye kusimba kwehutsi. Kana imwe yadzo ichizivikanwa, mamwe maviri maitiro anogadziriswa. Chipfunga chine hukama uhwu chakazara chiutsi, zvikasadaro chinogona kutorwa sehupfu hunopisa pakuyera. Mukuita, tembiricha yemhepo inopisa zvakanyanya inogona kunge yakakwira, uye kudzvanywa kunowanzo kuderera (kunyanya kunyura mupfu), 0.7MPa, 200 ° C chiutsi chakafanana neichi, uye chinopisa zvakanyanya.

Sezvo jenareta remhepo rinopisa rinoshandiswa kuwana chipfunga chemhando yepamusoro, chinopa chiutsi chinogadzirwa nemaitiro maviri, anoti saturated steam uye superheated steam. Mumwe munhu angabvunza kuti, ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemvura yakazara nemhepo inopisa mumhepo inopisa jenareta? Nhasi, Nobeth achataura newe nezve mutsauko uripo pakati pemvura yakazara nemhepo inopisa.

1. Chipfunga chakazara uye chipfungaidzo chinopisa zvine hukama hwakasiyana netembiricha nekumanikidza.
Saturated steam is steam inowanikwa zvakananga kubva pakudziisa mvura. Tembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye kuwanda kwemhepo yakazadza inoenderana neimwe kune imwe. Tembiricha yehutsi pasi pesimba remhepo yakafanana i100°C. Kana tembiricha yakakwira yakazara mutsi ichidikanwa, ingo wedzera kudzvanywa kwemhepo.
Superheated steam inopisa pahwaro hwemvura yakazara, kureva kuti, steam inogadzirwa nechipiri chekupisa. Superheated steam is saturated vapor pressure iyo inoramba isingachinji, asi kupisa kwayo kunowedzera uye huwandu hwayo hunowedzera.

2. Mupfuti wakazara uye upfu hunopisa zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana
Superheated steam inowanzo shandiswa mumagetsi ekupisa kutyaira ma turbines ekuburitsa magetsi.
Saturated steam inowanzo shandiswa pakudziisa kana kupisa midziyo.

3. Kushanda kwekuchinja kwekushisa kwemhepo yakasvibiswa uye inopisa inopisa yakasiyana.
Kupisa kwehutsi hwehupfu hwehupfu hwakadzikira kwakadzikira pane kwehutsi hwakaguta.
Naizvozvo, panguva yekugadzira, iyo superheated steam inofanirwa kushandurwa kuita saturated steam kuburikidza nekudzikiswa kwetembiricha uye kuderedza kudzvinyirira kuti ishandiswezve.
Iyo yekumisikidza nzvimbo ye desuperheater uye pressure reducer kazhinji iri kumberi kumucheto kweutsi-unoshandisa michina uye kumagumo kwecylinder. Inogona kupa saturated steam kune imwe chete kana yakawanda-inoshandisa midziyo uye kunatsiridza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.