A:1.Ho futhumatsa metsi
Tšebeliso ea jenereithara ea mouoane meriana e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho futhumatsa meriana ea metsi le meriana ea setso ea Sechaena.Ka mohlala, litokisetso tsa meriana ea Sechaena, liente tsa meriana ea Sechaena, litokisetso tsa tšepe tse chesang tse sebelisoang liente li futhumatsoa ka mouoane.Ha ho etsoa meriana ea setso ea Sechaena, hangata hoa hlokahala ho pheha meriana ea litlama ea Sechaena ka mocheso o phahameng ho bolaea libaktheria le likokoana-hloko, kahoo ho ntlafatsa phello ea phekolo ea meriana.Ka nako e ts'oanang, e ka fokotsa kotsi e bakoang ke moriana 'meleng oa motho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso, e le ho finyella phello e ntle.Litokisetso tsa setso tsa meriana ea Sechaena li futhumatsoa haholo ke mouoane, o ke keng oa khutsufatsa feela nako ea ho pepa pakeng tsa meriana, empa hape e bolokehile ebile e sebetsa.Ho phaella moo, moriana o ka boela oa bolokoa letsatsing ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.'Me e ka boloka nako e ngata le matla a basebetsi, e leng mokhoa o motle oa ho boloka matla.E futhumatsoa ke metsi a futhumatsang le radiator ka jenereithara ea mouoane, e le hore e khone ho boloka boemo ba limolek'hule tsa metsi ka nepo, e le hore moriana o ka fihlela mocheso o betere le mocheso o futhumatsang oa mouoane, ebe o fihlella phello ea sterilization le phodiso.
2. Pholiso ea metsi
E le ho finyella phello e ntle ea ho pholisa ea lithethefatsi, hangata hoa hlokahala ho futhumatsa le ho etsa mouoane mokelikeli oa lithethefatsi, ebe o ka romeloa thepa ea tlhahiso bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka mor'a ho pholile.Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea thepa ka boeona, e ke ke ea sisinyeha tlas'a maemo leha e le afe, kahoo ho pholile ha moriana ho ka etsoa feela ka mekhoa e meng.Haeba moriana o futhumetse mme o pholile, ha ho na matla a mangata feela a senyehileng, empa hape ha a thuse ho tsitsisa boleng ba meriana.Ka hona, e ka futhumatsoa 'me ea pholile ka potlako ho ea ka litlhoko tsa meriana ea mokelikeli, e le ho finyella katleho e kholo le ho senya metsoako e sebetsang ea meriana.Ho fumana litholoana tse ntle, kapa tse holimo.Bakeng sa meriana, ts'ebetso e tla lahleha nakong ea tlhahiso, e leng se tla fella ka ho theoha ha boleng ba sehlahisoa (ehlile, lintho tse chefo li ka boela tsa hlahisoa).Sena se hloka distillation ho etsa hore mokelikeli oa moriana o fihlelle phello e lakatsehang.Jenereithara ea mouoane ke sesebelisoa se sebetsang hantle haholo le se tenyetsehang.Hangata e kenyelletsa jenereithara ea mouoane (kapa motsoako oa eona) - sesebelisoa sa ho potoloha ha metsi a chesang-mouoane oa jenereithara-condenser kapa thepa ea ho futhumatsa metsi a batang a metsi a batang le lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaisa thepa ea metsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tse amanang le tsona.Mokhoa ona o ke ke oa pholisa meriana feela, empa hape o fokotsa mongobo oa oona ka katleho, 'me o tsepamise maikutlo kapa o omisa moriana.Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona ho ke ke ha ntlafatsa feela tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea thepa e tala le katleho ea lithethefatsi, empa hape ho thibela chefo le liphello tse ling tse mpe tse bakoang ke ho chesa haholo kapa mollo.Ka hona, mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea meriana ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea lithethefatsi, ho ntlafatsa boleng le lihlahisoa, le ho boloka tšebeliso ea pele.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, joalo-joalo.
Mefuta ea litekanyetso tsa lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso e entsoe ka metsi, letsoai le lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang ethylene glycol, ammonia water, methanol, ether, chloroform, joalo-joalo Ka mor'a hore lisebelisoa tsena tse tala li sebetsanoe, li ka etsoa ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litekanyetso tsa mokelikeli le lisebelisoa tse thusang.Ka mohlala, ethanol e hydrolyzed ho acetaldehyde (BE), methanol e felloa ke metsi ho fumana galactose ea methanol;hemicellulose ea cellulose acetate e qhibiliha ho fumana kraft pulp, joalo-joalo Ho boetse ho na le lihlahisoa tsa chlorine le hydrolysis tse sebelisoang lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale;e boetse e na le phello e ntle ea ho fokotsa mafura.E ka sebelisoa meriana.Ka mohlala, ho omisa ka jenereithara ea mouoane ho ka fokotsa mongobo oa sehlahisoa le ho khothalletsa ho pholisa ho tšoanang ha lithethefatsi;ho molemo ho laola boleng ba sehlahisoa;e ka boela ea fokotsa khatello ea ts'ebetso le ho boloka matla.Tšebeliso ea mouoane ho futhumatsa metsoako e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso e ka aroloa ka mekhoa e 'meli: evaporative crystallization le ho futhumatsa moea o chesang.Tlhahiso ea litokisetso tsa meriana ea setso ea Sechaena ha e hloke ho futhumatsa le ho omisa, e leng ho boloka matla.Leha ho le joalo, ho bonolo ho baka tšilafalo nakong ea ho futhumatsa, kahoo jenereithara ea mouoane e tlameha ho laola ka thata mocheso oa mocheso le motsoako oa motsoako oa mouoane.Ka nako e ts'oanang, indasteri ea meriana e hloka ho rala litanka tsa meriana ea mokelikeli ea boholo bo fapaneng ho ea ka liforomo tse fapaneng, tse ka sebelisoang ke batho ba bangata ka nako e le 'ngoe, hape li ka etsoa ka ho feletseng ka molaoli.E boetse e netefatsa botsitso ba boleng ba lithethefatsi;e qoba tšilafalo ea tikoloho, 'me e ke ke ea tsoelapele tlhahiso ka nako ka mor'a hore mathata a sehlahisoa a hlahe.
Nako ea poso: Jun-06-2023
