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Imigaqo kunye nezicelo zokuSebenzisa inzala yomphunga

Ukuvala umphunga kukubeka imveliso kwikhabhinethi yokuvala inzala, kwaye ubushushu obukhutshwa ngumphunga wobushushu obuphezulu buya kubangela ukuba iprotein yebhaktheriya idibanise kwaye i-denature ifezekise injongo yokuvala inzala. Ukwenziwa inzala komphunga ococekileyo kubonakala kukungena ngamandla. Iiprotheyini kunye neeprotoplast colloids zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye nokubumba phantsi kweemeko ezifumileyo nezishushu. Inkqubo ye-enzyme itshatyalaliswa ngokulula. Umphunga ungena kwiiseli kwaye ujiya emanzini, onokukhulula ubushushu obunokubakho ukwandisa ubushushu kunye nokwandisa amandla okubulala iintsholongwane. .
I-gas engaguqukiyo efana nomoya ikhutshwe ngezixhobo zokukhupha kwikhabhinethi yokuvala inzalo. Ngenxa yokuba ubukho beegesi ezingabonakaliyo ezifana nomoya azithinteli nje ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, kodwa kuthintela nokungena kwe-steam kwimveliso.
Iqondo lobushushu lokuvala umphunga yeyona parameter yomphunga elawulwa sisicoci. Ukunyamezelwa kweentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-microorganisms kubushushu kuyahluka ukusuka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo, ngoko ke ubushushu bokuvala inzala kunye nexesha lesenzo elifunekayo nalo lahlukile ngokweqondo lokungcoliseka kwezinto ezihlambulukileyo. Ukushisa kwe-sterilization yemveliso kuxhomekeke ekuchaseni ukushisa kwemveliso ngokwayo kunye nefuthe lomonakalo wokushisa okuphezulu kwiimpawu ezithile zemveliso.

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Iithegi zeMveliso

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvala inzala, ngokukhona iqondo lokushisa liphezulu, lifutshane ixesha elifunekayo lokuvala inzala. Kuhlala kukho iqondo elithile le-inhomogeneity ekufumaneni ubushushu bomphunga. Ngelo xesha, kukho i-hysteresis ethile kunye nokuphambuka ekufumaneni ukushisa. Ukuqwalasela ukuba iqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-steam egcweleyo lubonisa i-one-to-one imbalelwano, ngokubhekiselele, ukufumanisa uxinzelelo lwe-steam lufana kakhulu kwaye lukhawuleza. , ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwe-sterilization steam lwe-sterilizer lusetyenziswa njengesiseko solawulo, kwaye ukufumanisa ukushisa kwe-sterilization kusetyenziswa njengesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ubushushu bomphunga kunye nobushushu bokwenza inzala ngamanye amaxesha bohlukile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa umphunga uqulethe ngaphezu kwe-3% yamanzi adibeneyo (ukoma ngama-97%), nangona ubushushu bomphunga bufikelela kumgangatho, ngenxa yokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngamanzi adibeneyo asasazwa phezu komphunga, kwimveliso, i-steam idlula kwiqondo lokushisa lefilimu yamanzi edibeneyo liya kuncipha. Nciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze iqondo lobushushu lokwenene lokuvala imveliso libe ngaphantsi kwemfuneko yobushushu bokwenza inzala. Ngokukodwa amanzi ebhoyila athwalwa yibhoyila, umgangatho wawo wamanzi unokungcolisa imveliso ecoliweyo. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenza kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Watts DF200 isahluli samanzi somphunga esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwindawo yokungenisa umphunga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubukho bomoya bunempembelelo eyongezelelweyo kwiqondo lokushisa lokunciphisa umphunga. Xa umoya kwikhabhinethi ungasuswanga okanye ungasuswanga ngokupheleleyo, kwelinye icala, ubukho bomoya buya kwenza indawo ebandayo, ukwenzela ukuba iimveliso ezifakwe emoyeni zingenako inzalo. ubushushu bebhaktheriya. Kwelinye icala, ngokulawula uxinzelelo lomphunga ukulawula ubushushu, ubukho bomoya budala uxinzelelo oluyinxenye. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo olubonakaliswe kwigeyiji yoxinzelelo luxinzelelo olupheleleyo lwegesi exubeneyo, kwaye eyona nto yoxinzelelo lomphunga isezantsi kunemfuno yoxinzelelo lomphunga. Ke ngoko, iqondo lobushushu lomphunga alihambelani nemfuno yobushushu bokwenza inzala, nto leyo ebangela ukusilela kokuvala inzala.
I-Steam superheat yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuvalwa komphunga, kodwa ihlala ingahoywa. I-EN285 ifuna ukuba ukushisa okugqithisileyo komphunga wokuvala inzala akufuneki kudlule kwi-5°C. Umgaqo we-saturated steam sterilization kukuba i-steam iyancipha xa imveliso ibanda, ikhupha inani elikhulu lamandla obushushu obufihliweyo, okwandisa ubushushu bemveliso; xa ujiya, umthamo wayo ucutheka kabukhali (1/1600), kwaye unokuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi lwendawo, ukwenza umphunga olandelayo ungene nzulu ngaphakathi kwento.
Iimpawu ze-steam ezitshisa kakhulu zilingana nomoya owomileyo, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kuphantsi; kwelinye icala, xa umphunga ogqithisiweyo ukhupha ubushushu obunengqiqo kwaye ubushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuhlutha, ukudibanisa akwenzeki, kwaye ubushushu obukhutshwe ngeli xesha buncinci kakhulu. Ukugqithiswa kobushushu akuhlangabezani neemfuneko zokuvala inzala. Le nto ibonakala xa ubushushu bugqithise ku-5°C. Umphunga oshushu kakhulu unokubangela ukuba izinto ziguge ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba umphunga osetyenzisiweyo ngumphunga womnatha wobushushu osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla, wona ngokwawo ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba ibhoyila ezimeleyo ivelisa umphunga ogcweleyo, ukunyanzeliswa komphunga phambi kwesibulala-ntsholongwane luhlobo oluthile lokwandiswa kwe-adiabatic, okwenza umphunga wokuqala ogcweleyo ube ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu. Esi siphumo sibonakala xa umehluko woxinzelelo udlula i-3 bar. Ukuba i-superheat idlula i-5 ° C, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Watt yamanzi yokuhlamba i-saturated device isixhobo somoya ukuphelisa ukushisa okuphezulu ngexesha.
Uyilo lomphunga wesibulali-ntsholongwane lubandakanya indawo yokungena ngomphunga ene-super steam filter, isahluli samanzi omphunga esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ivalve elawula uxinzelelo lomphunga kunye netrap yomphunga.