Iimpawu zobuchwephesha be-steam zibonakaliswa kwiimfuno zokuveliswa komphunga, ukuthutha, ukusetyenziswa kokutshintshwa kobushushu, ukubuyiswa kobushushu benkunkuma kunye neminye imiba. Iimpawu zobuchwephesha be-Steam zifuna ukuba yonke inkqubo yoyilo, ukwakhiwa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo yomphunga ibe nengqiqo kwaye isemthethweni. Inkqubo efanelekileyo yomphunga inokunceda abasebenzisi bomphunga banciphise inkcitho yamandla nge-5-50%, enokubaluleka okuhle kwezoqoqosho nentlalontle.
Umphunga wamashishini kufuneka ube nezi mpawu zilandelayo: 1. Inokufikelela kwindawo yokusetyenziswa; 2. Umgangatho ochanekileyo; 3. Uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nobushushu; 4. Ayinamoya kunye neegesi ezingenakucondensable; 5. Coca; 6. Yomile
Umgangatho ochanekileyo uthetha ukuba indawo yokusetyenziswa komphunga kufuneka ifumane ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bomphunga, nto leyo ifuna ubalo oluchanekileyo lomthwalo womphunga kwaye emva koko kukhethwe ngendlela eyiyo imibhobho yokuhambisa umphunga.
Uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nokushisa kuthetha ukuba umphunga kufuneka ube noxinzelelo oluchanekileyo xa ufikelela kwindawo yokusetyenziswa, ngaphandle koko ukusebenza kuya kuchaphazeleka. Oku kukwanxulumene nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kwemibhobho.
Igeyiji yoxinzelelo ibonisa kuphela uxinzelelo, kodwa ayilixeleli ibali lonke. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-steam iqulethe umoya kunye nezinye iigesi ezingenayo i-condensable, iqondo lokushisa langempela le-steam alikho ukushisa kwe-saturation kuxinzelelo oluhambelana netafile ye-steam.
Xa umoya uxutywe nomphunga, umthamo womphunga uba ngaphantsi komthamo womphunga ococekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ubushushu obuphantsi. Umphumo wayo unokuchazwa ngumthetho kaDalton woxinzelelo oluyinxenye.
Ngomxube womoya kunye ne-steam, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lwegesi edibeneyo liyinani leexinzelelo zenxalenye yegesi yecandelo ngalinye elithatha indawo yonke.
Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegesi edibeneyo ye-steam kunye nomoya yi-1barg (2bara), uxinzelelo olubonakaliswe yi-gauge ye-pressure gauge yi-1Barg, kodwa ngokwenene uxinzelelo lwe-steam olusetyenziswa yizixhobo ze-steam ngeli xesha lingaphantsi kwe-1barg. Ukuba isixhobo sidinga i-1 bag ye-steam ukufikelela kwisiphumo esilinganisiweyo, ngoko kuqinisekileyo ukuba asinakunikwa ngeli xesha.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kukho umlinganiselo omncinci weqondo lokushisa ukufikelela kwiikhemikhali okanye utshintsho lomzimba. Ukuba umphunga uthwala ukufuma uyakunciphisa umthamo wobushushu ngeyunithi yobunzima bomphunga (enthalpy of evaporation). Umphunga kufuneka ugcinwe womile kangangoko. Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ubushushu ngeyunithi yobunzima obuqhutywe ngumphunga, amaconsi amanzi kwi-steam aya kwandisa ubukhulu befilimu yamanzi phezu komgangatho wokushisa ukushisa kunye nokwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-thermal, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe imveliso ye-heat exchanger.
Kukho imithombo emininzi yokungcola kwiinkqubo ze-steam, njengalezi: 1. Amalungu athathwe kwibhoyila yamanzi ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kwebhoyili; 2. Isikali sombhobho; 3. I-welding slag; 4. Izinto zokudibanisa umbhobho. Zonke ezi zinto zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yakho yomphunga.
Oku kungenxa yokuba: 1. Iikhemikhali zenkqubo ezivela kwibhoyili zinokuqokelela kwindawo yokutshintsha ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu; 2. Ukungcola kombhobho kunye neminye imiba yangaphandle inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweevalve zokulawula kunye nemigibe.
Ukuze kukhuselwe ezi mveliso, unyango lwamanzi lunokwenziwa ukwandisa ukucoceka kwamanzi angena kwisixhobo, ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-steam. Iifilitha nazo zinokufakwa kwimibhobho.
Ijenereyitha yomphunga yeNobeth inokuvelisa umphunga ngokucoceka okuphezulu ngokufudumeza ubushushu obuphezulu. Xa isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nezixhobo zokunyanga amanzi, inokuqhubeka iphucula umgangatho we-steam kunye nokukhusela izixhobo ezichaphazelekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-24-2023
