Umbuzo: Ukwahlula njani phakathi komphunga ogcweleyo kunye nomphunga oshushu kakhulu?

A:

Ukubeka nje ngokulula, ijenereyitha yomphunga yibhoyila yoshishino efudumeza amanzi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile ukuvelisa umphunga wobushushu obuphezulu. Abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa umphunga kwimveliso yeshishini okanye ukufudumeza njengoko kufuneka.

Iijenereyitha zomphunga zinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ngokukodwa, iijenereyitha zomphunga wegesi kunye neejenereyitha zombane zombane ezisebenzisa amandla acocekileyo zicocekile kwaye azinangcoliseko.

Xa ulwelo luba ngumphunga kwindawo evaliweyo elinganiselweyo, iimolekyuli zolwelo zingena kwisithuba esingaphezulu ngomphezulu wolwelo zize zibe ziimolekyuli zomphunga. Kuba iimolekyuli zomphunga zikwintshukumo ye-thermal enesiphithiphithi, ziyangqubana enye kwenye, udonga lwesikhongozeli kunye nomphezulu wolwelo. Xa zingqubana nomphezulu wolwelo, ezinye iimolekyuli zitsalwa ziimolekyuli zolwelo zize zibuyele kulwelo ukuze zibe ziimolekyuli zolwelo. . Xa kuqala ukuguquka komphunga, inani leemolekyuli ezingena esithubeni likhulu kunenani leemolekyuli ezibuyela kulwelo. Njengoko umphunga uqhubeka, ukuxinana kweemolekyuli zomphunga esithubeni kuyaqhubeka ukwanda, ngoko inani leemolekyuli ezibuyela kulwelo nalo liyanda. Xa inani leemolekyuli ezingena kwisithuba kwiyunithi yexesha ngalinye lilingana nenani leemolekyuli ezibuyela kulwelo, ukuvela komphunga kunye nokujiya kukwimo yokulingana okuguquguqukayo. Ngeli xesha, nangona i-evaporation kunye ne-condensation isaqhuba, ukuxinana kwee-molecule zomphunga kwisithuba akusanyuka. Ilizwe ngeli xesha libizwa ngokuba yimeko yokuzaliseka. Ulwelo olukwimo yokuhluma kuthiwa lulwelo oluhluthisiweyo, kwaye umphunga walo ubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga owomileyo (okwabizwa ngokuba ngumphunga ogcweleyo).

Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna ukufezekisa ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka iliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyiphathe njenge-steam eshushu kakhulu kwaye uhlawule ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela imiba yeendleko, abathengi banokuhlawula ubushushu kuphela. Eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuhluma komphunga ibhekisa kubudlelwane obuhambelanayo phakathi kobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokuxinana komphunga. Ukuba enye yazo iyaziwa, amanye amaxabiso amabini alungisiwe. Umphunga unobu budlelwane ngumphunga ogcweleyo, kungenjalo unokuthathwa njengomphunga oshushu kakhulu wokulinganisa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu bomphunga oshushu kakhulu bunokuba phezulu, kwaye uxinzelelo luba sezantsi ngokwentelekiso (umphunga ogcwele kakhulu), 0.7MPa, 200°C umphunga unje, kwaye ushushu kakhulu.

Ekubeni ijenereyitha yomphunga sisixhobo samandla obushushu esisetyenziselwa ukufumana umphunga womgangatho ophezulu, ibonelela ngomphunga oveliswa ziinkqubo ezimbini, ezizezi, umphunga ogcweleyo kunye nomphunga oshushu kakhulu. Omnye unokubuza, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-steam egcweleyo kunye ne-superheated steam kwi-generator ye-steam? Namhlanje, uNobeth uza kuthetha nawe ngomahluko phakathi komphunga ophuphumayo kunye nomphunga oshushu kakhulu.

1. I-steam egcweleyo kunye ne-superheated steam inobudlelwane obuhlukeneyo kunye nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
Umphunga ogcweleyo ngumphunga ofunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo kumanzi ashushu. Ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuxinana komphunga ogcweleyo zihambelana enye ukuya kwenye. Ubushushu bomphunga phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri efanayo yi-100°C. Ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu bufunxa umphunga, nyusa nje uxinzelelo lomphunga.
Umphunga oshushu kakhulu uvuselelwa ngesiseko somphunga ohluthisiweyo, oko kukuthi, umphunga oveliswa ngokufudumeza kwesibini. Umphunga oshushu kakhulu ugcwele uxinzelelo lomphunga oluhlala lungatshintshi, kodwa ubushushu balo buyanda kwaye umthamo walo uyanda.

2. Umphunga ogcweleyo kunye nomphunga oshushu kakhulu unosetyenziso olwahlukileyo
Umphunga oshushu kakhulu usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo zamandla obushushu ukuqhuba iiinjini zomphunga ukuvelisa umbane.
Umphunga ogcweleyo usetyenziselwa ukufudumeza izixhobo okanye ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu.

3. Ukusebenza kokutshintshana kobushushu be-steam egcweleyo kunye ne-superheated steam kuyahluka.
Ukugqithiswa kobushushu bomphunga oshushu kakhulu kuphantsi kunomoya ophuphumayo.
Ke ngoko, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, umphunga oshushu kakhulu kufuneka uguqulwe ube ngumphunga ogcweleyo ngokunciphisa ubushushu kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze uphinde usetyenziswe.
Indawo yokufakela i-desuperheater kunye ne-pressure reducer ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwesixhobo esisebenzisa umphunga kunye nokuphela kwe-cylinder. Inokubonelela ngomphunga ohluthisiweyo kwisixhobo esinye okanye ezininzi ezisebenzisa umphunga kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.