A: 1. Ukufudumeza ulwelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwejenereyitha yomphunga kumayeza ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza iyeza ezingamanzi kunye namayeza emveli aseTshayina. Ngokomzekelo, amalungiselelo amayeza aseShayina, i-injection yamayeza aseShayina, amalungiselelo ensimbi ashushu asetyenziswa kwi-injection ashushu ngomphunga. Kwimveliso yamayeza emveli aseTshayina, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukupheka iyeza laseTshayina kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukubulala ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umphumo wonyango. Kwangaxeshanye, inokunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa liyeza kumzimba womntu ngexesha lenkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ukuze kuphunyezwe umphumo ongcono. Amalungiselelo amayeza emveli aseTshayina afudunyezwa kakhulu ngumphunga, ongenakuphela nje ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhambisa phakathi kwamayeza, kodwa akhuseleke kwaye asebenze. Ukongeza, iyeza linokugcinwa elangeni ukunciphisa iindleko. Kwaye inokonga ixesha elininzi kunye nabasebenzi, leyo yindlela elungileyo yokonga amandla. Ifudumeza ngamanzi kwisifudumezi kunye neradiyetha ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha yomphunga, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo inqanaba leemolekyuli zamanzi, ukuze iyeza likwazi ukufikelela kubushushu obungcono kunye nesiphumo sokufudumeza umphunga, kwaye emva koko sifezekise isiphumo sokuvala inzala kunye nesiphumo. Ukupholisa.
2. Ukupholisa ulwelo
Ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esifanelekileyo sokupholisa ichiza, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukufudumeza kunye nokukhupha ulwelo lwechiza, kwaye ke inokuthunyelwa kwisixhobo sokuvelisa ukusetyenziswa emva kokupholisa. Ngenxa yobume bezinto ngokwayo, ayinakushukunyiswa phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, ngoko ke ukupholisa iyeza kunokuqhutywa kuphela ngezinye iindlela. Ukuba iyeza lifudumala kwaye lipholile, kungekhona nje kuphela amandla amaninzi achithwayo, kodwa kwakhona akuhambisani nokuzinza komgangatho weyeza. Ke ngoko, inokufudunyezwa kwaye ipholiswe ngokukhawuleza ngokweemfuno zeyeza ezingamanzi, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuguqula izithako ezisebenzayo iyeza. Ukufezekisa ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, okanye iziphumo eziphezulu. Kumayeza, umsebenzi uya kulahleka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, okubangela ukuhla komgangatho wemveliso (ngokuqinisekileyo, izinto ezinobuthi nazo zinokuveliswa). Oku kufuna i-distillation ukwenza ulwelo lwamayeza lufezekise umphumo oyifunayo. Ijenereyitha yomphunga sisixhobo esisebenza kakuhle kwaye esibhetyebhetye. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ijenereyitha yomphunga (okanye indibaniselwano yayo) -isixhobo sokujikeleza kwamanzi ashushu-umphunga wejenereyitha-condenser okanye izixhobo zokupholisa zamanzi abandayo kunye nezixhobo zokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinxulumene nazo. Le ndlela ayinakupholisa iyeza kuphela, kodwa iphinde inciphise ngokufanelekileyo ukufuma kwayo, kwaye igxininise okanye yomise iyeza. Ukwamkela le ndlela akunakuphucula kuphela izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokusebenza kweziyobisi, kodwa kwakhona kuthintele ubuthi kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi ezibangelwa ukushisa okanye umlilo. Ngoko ke, le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo kwinkqubo yokuxuba amayeza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kweziyobisi, ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nesivuno, kunye nokugcina ukusetyenziswa kokuqala.
3. Iiarhente zeMichiza, njl.
Iifom zedosi yeekhemikhali ngokubanzi ziqulunqwe ngamanzi, ityuwa kunye nezinye izithako, ezifana ne-ethylene glycol, i-ammonia yamanzi, i-methanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, njl. Emva kokuba ezi zixhobo ezikrwada zicutshungulwe, zingenziwa kwiifom ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ulwelo kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-ethanol i-hydrolyzed kwi-acetaldehyde (BE), i-methanol iphelelwe ngamanzi ukuze ifumane i-galactose ye-methanol; I-hemicellulose ye-cellulose acetate inyibilika ukufumana i-kraft pulp, njl njl. Kukho i-chlorine kunye neemveliso ze-hydrolysis ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali; ikwanayo nefuthe elihle lokwehlisa igrisi. Ingasetyenziselwa amayeza. Ngokomzekelo, ukomisa ngejenereyitha yomphunga kunokunciphisa ukufuma kwemveliso kunye nokukhuthaza ukupholisa okufanayo kweziyobisi; kunenzuzo kulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso; inokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusebenza kwaye igcine amandla. Ukusetyenziswa komphunga ukufudumeza amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo ekhemikhali kunokwahlulwa ngokubanzi kube ziindlela ezimbini: icrystallization evaporative kunye nokupholisa umoya oshushu. Ukuveliswa kwamalungiselelo amayeza endabuko aseTshayina akufuni ukutshisa kwangaphambili kunye nokomisa, okugcina amandla. Nangona kunjalo, kulula ukubangela ungcoliseko ngexesha lokufudumeza, ngoko ke ijenereyitha yomphunga kufuneka ilawule ngokungqongqo ubushushu bobushushu kunye nomlinganiselo wokubunjwa komphunga. Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lamayeza kufuneka liyile iitanki zamayeza angamalwelo ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo ngokweefomyula ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngabantu abaninzi ngaxeshanye, kwaye zinokuzenzekela ngokupheleleyo ngomlawuli. Ikwaqinisekisa uzinzo lomgangatho wamachiza; iluphepha ungcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo, kwaye ayinakuphinda iqalise imveliso kwangethuba emva kokuba kwenzeke iingxaki zemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-06-2023
