Kumashishini afana neshishini lamayeza, ishishini lokutya, iimveliso zebhayoloji, unyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi, izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokucoca izinto ezinxulumeneyo.
Kuzo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neendlela zokubulala iintsholongwane, umphunga yeyona ndlela yakuqala, ethembekileyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu.Iyakwazi ukubulala zonke ii-microorganisms, kuquka i-bacterial propagules, i-fungi, i-protozoa, i-algae, i-virus kunye nokuchasana.Iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya ezomeleleyo, ngoko ke ukuvala umphunga kuxatyiswa kakhulu ekubulaweni kweentsholongwane kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokuvala inzala.Ukuvala inzala kwamayeza aseTshayina phantse kwakusoloko kusetyenziswa ukuvala umphunga.
Ukuvala umphunga kusebenzisa umphunga woxinzelelo okanye enye imidiya yokuvala ubushushu obumanzi ukubulala iintsholongwane ezikwisibulali-ntsholongwane.Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lokuvala inzala.
Ukutya, izinto ezifudunyezwayo ngexesha lokuvala inzala kufuneka zigcine isondlo kunye nencasa yokutya.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimveliso enye yokutya kunye neziselo kukwayinto ebalulekileyo xa kuqwalaselwa ukukhuphisana kwamashishini.Kumachiza, ngelixa befumana iziphumo ezithembekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-sterilization, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amachiza awonakaliswa kwaye aqinisekise ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwawo.
Amayeza, izisombululo zonyango, izixhobo zeglasi, imidiya yenkcubeko, izinxibo, amalaphu, izixhobo zentsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezingayi kutshintsha okanye zonakaliswe xa zivezwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nobushushu obufumileyo zonke zinokubulawa ngumphunga.Ikhabhinethi yoxinzelelo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokuvala inzala kunye nekhabhathi yokuvala inzala sisixhobo seklasikhi sokuvala umphunga kunye nokuvala inzala.Nangona iintlobo ezininzi ezitsha zezixhobo zokuvala ubushushu obumanzi ziye zaphuhliswa kule minyaka yakutsha nje ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, zonke zisekwe kuxinzelelo lokuvala inzala yomphunga kunye nekhabhathi yokuvala inzala.iphuhliswe ngokwesiseko se.
Umphunga ubangela ukufa kweentsholongwane ngokudibanisa iiproteni zazo.Umphunga unokungena ngamandla.Ngoko ke, xa umphunga ujiya, ukhupha isixa esikhulu sobushushu obufihlakeleyo, obunokukhawuleza ukufudumeza izinto.Ukuvala inzala akuthembekanga kuphela, kodwa kunokuthoba ubushushu bokwenza inzala kwaye kucuthe ixesha.Ixesha lokusebenza.Ukufana, ukungena, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neminye imiba yokuvala umphunga ibe yinto ephambili yokuqala yokuvala inzala.
Umphunga apha ubhekisa kumphunga owomileyo.Endaweni yomphunga oshushu kakhulu osetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso evelisa i-oyile eyahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso zepetrochemical nakwisikhululo samandla omoya weeinjini zomoya, umphunga oshushu kakhulu awufanelekanga iinkqubo zokuvala inzala.Nangona umphunga oshushu kakhulu unobushushu obuphezulu kwaye unobushushu obuninzi kunomphunga ogcweleyo, wona Ubushushu bendawo eshushu kakhulu buncinane kakhulu xa buthelekiswa nobushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga obukhutshwa kukujiya komphunga ophuphumayo.Kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukuwisa ubushushu bomphunga oshushu kakhulu ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu bokuhlala.Ukusebenzisa umphunga oshushu kakhulu ukufudumeza kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshintshiselana kobushushu.
Kakade ke, umphunga ofumileyo onamanzi ajiyileyo umbi ngakumbi.Kwelinye icala, ukufuma okuqulethwe kumphunga omanzi ngokwawo kuya kunyibilikisa ukungcola okuthile kwimibhobho.Kwelinye icala, xa ukufuma kufikelela kwiinqanawa kunye namayeza ukuba abulawe, oko kuthintela ukuhamba komphunga ukuya kwinkanyezi yobushushu beyeza.Dlula, yehlisa ubushushu bokupasa.Xa umphunga unenkungu entle ngakumbi, wenza umqobo wokuhamba kwerhasi kwaye uthintele ubushushu ekungeneni, kwaye kwandisa ubunzima bokoma emva kokuvala inzala.
Umahluko phakathi kobushushu kwindawo nganye kwigumbi lokuvala inzala elilinganiselweyo lekhabhinethi yokuvala inzala kunye neqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngu ≤1°C.Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa "iindawo ezibandayo" kunye nokuphambuka phakathi "kweendawo ezibandayo" kunye neqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo (≤2.5 ° C) kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Indlela yokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo iigesi ezingenayo i-condensable kwi-steam, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwentsimi yeqondo lokushisa kwikhabhinethi ye-sterilization, kunye nokuphelisa "iindawo ezibandayo" kangangoko ngamanqaku aphambili ekuyilweni kwe-sterilization yomphunga.
Ubushushu bokwenza inzala yomphunga ohluthisiweyo kufuneka buhluke ngokunyamezelwa kobushushu bemicroorganisms.Ke ngoko, iqondo lobushushu elifunekayo lokuvala inzala kunye nexesha lesenzo nalo lahlukile ngokwenqanaba lokungcoliseka kwezinto ezicoliweyo, kwaye ubushushu bokwenza inzala kunye nexesha lesenzo nazo zahlukile.Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvala inzala, ukusebenza kwento, imathiriyeli yokupakisha, kunye nobude benkqubo yokuvala inzala.Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, okukhona liphezulu iqondo lobushushu lokuvala inzala, kokukhona liba lifutshane ixesha elifunekayo.Kukho ubudlelwane obuqhubekayo phakathi kobushushu bomphunga ogcweleyo kunye noxinzelelo lwawo.Nangona kunjalo, xa umoya kwikhabhinethi ungapheliswanga okanye ungapheliswanga ngokupheleleyo, i-steam ayikwazi ukufikelela kwi-saturation.Ngeli xesha, nangona uxinzelelo Imitha ibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-sterilization luye lwafikelelwa, kodwa ubushushu be-steam abuzange bufikelele kwiimfuno, okubangele ukungaphumeleli kwe-sterilization.Ekubeni uxinzelelo lomthombo womphunga luhlala luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwe-sterilization, kwaye ukuchithwa komphunga kunokubangela ukufudumeza komphunga, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-01-2024
