Q: Uyini umgqomo we-steam generator?

A:

1. Isigubhu se-steam se-steam generator

Isigubhu se-steam siyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emshinini wokuphehla umusi. Kuyisixhumanisi phakathi kwezinqubo ezintathu zokushisisa, ukuhwamuka kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwejeneretha yesitimu, futhi idlala indima yokuxhuma.

Izinga lamanzi esigubhu se-steam drum boiler liyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhayela. Kuphela uma izinga lamanzi ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona ukujikeleza okuhle nokuhwamuka kwebhayela. Uma izinga lamanzi liphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lizokwenza ukuthi i-boiler ingabi namanzi. Ukushoda okukhulu kwamanzi kubhoyili kuzobangela udonga lwamashubhu odongeni lwamanzi ukuthi lushise ngokweqile, futhi kubangele nokulimala kwemishini.

Uma izinga lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-boiler, isigubhu se-steam sizogcwaliswa ngamanzi, okuzokwenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliyinhloko le-steam lehle ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amanzi azolethwa ku-turbine ngesitimu, okubangele umthelela omkhulu kanye nokulimala kwezindwani ze-turbine.

Ngakho-ke, izinga elijwayelekile lamanzi esigubhu kufanele liqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-boiler. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga elijwayelekile lamanzi esigubhu, okokusebenza kukabhoyela kuvame ukuhlonyiswa ngezigubhu eziphakeme neziphansi zokuvikela izinga lamanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lamanzi. Izinga lamanzi esigubhu livame ukuhlukaniswa libe yinani eliphezulu lokuqala, inani eliphakeme lesibili kanye nenani eliphakeme lesithathu. Izinga lamanzi emigqomo ephansi nalo lihlukaniswe libe inani eliphansi lokuqala, inani eliphansi lesibili kanye nenani lesithathu eliphansi.

2. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwebhoyili, iyiphi imfuneko yezinga lamanzi esigubhu?

Iphoyinti elinguziro lezinga lamanzi esigubhu kabhayela wesigubhu somfutho ophezulu ngokuvamile libekwa ku-50 mm ngaphansi komugqa omaphakathi wejiyomethri wesigubhu. Ukunqunywa kwezinga lamanzi elivamile lesigubhu se-steam, okungukuthi, izinga lamanzi eliziro, kunqunywa izici ezimbili. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga le-steam, indawo ye-steam yesigubhu se-steam kufanele yandiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugcinwe izinga lamanzi elivamile liphansi.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokujikeleza kwamanzi futhi kuvinjwe ukuphuma kanye nokungena kwesitimu emnyango wepayipi eliphansi, izinga lamanzi elijwayelekile kufanele ligcinwe liphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, izinga lamanzi elivamile libekwe phakathi kuka-50 no-200 mm ngaphansi komugqa ophakathi kwesigubhu. Ukwengeza, amazinga afanele aphezulu naphansi amanzi kubhayela ngamunye kufanele anqunywe ngokusekelwe esivivinyweni sokukalwa kwesivinini samanzi sompompi ophansi odongeni opholiswe ngamanzi kanye nokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomhwamuko wamanzi. Phakathi kwazo, izinga eliphezulu lamanzi elilinganiselwe linqunywa ukuthi izinga lomhwamuko wamanzi liyawohloka; umkhawulo ophansi wezinga lamanzi kufanele linqunywe ukuthi ingabe kwenzeka yini ukuphuma kanye nokungena kwesitimu emnyango wepayipi eliphansi.