Ezimbonini ezifana nemboni yemithi, imboni yokudla, imikhiqizo yebhayoloji, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nezempilo, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, imishini yokubulala amagciwane kanye nenzalo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezintweni ezihlobene.
Kuzo zonke izindlela ezikhona zokubulala amagciwane kanye nezindlela zokuvala inzalo, umusi uyindlela yokuqala, ethembekile futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ingabulala wonke ama-microorganisms, kuhlanganise nama-bacterial propagules, isikhunta, i-protozoa, i-algae, amagciwane kanye nokumelana. Izinhlamvu zebhaktheriya ezinamandla, ngakho ukuvala inzalo kusitimu kubaluleke kakhulu ekubulaweni kwamagciwane ezimbonini nasekubulaleni inzalo. Ukuvala inzalo komuthi wamaShayina kwasekuqaleni cishe kwakusetshenziswa ukuvala inzalo ngesitimu.
Ukuvala inzalo kusebenzisa isitimu sokucindezela noma enye imidiya yokuvala ukushisa okumanzi ukuze kubulawe ama-microorganisms kusibulali magciwane. Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ekubulaleni inzalo eshisayo.
Ngokudla, izinto ezishisiswe ngesikhathi sokuvala inzalo kumele zigcine umsoco kanye nokunambitheka kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komkhiqizo owodwa wokudla neziphuzo nakho kuyisici esibalulekile uma kubhekwa ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi. Emithini, ngenkathi ithola imiphumela ethembekile yokubulala amagciwane kanye nenzalo, kufanele futhi iqinisekise ukuthi imithi ayilinyazwa futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwayo.
Imithi, izixazululo zezokwelapha, i-glassware, imidiya yezamasiko, okokugqoka, izindwangu, izinsimbi zensimbi nezinye izinto ezingeke zishintshe noma zonakaliswe lapho zichayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokushisa okumanzi konke kungabulawa inzalo ngesitimu. Ikhabhinethi yokuvala inzalo ye-pressure esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi iyisisetshenziswa sakudala sokuvala inzalo nokuvala inzalo. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zemishini yokuvala inzalo yokushisa okumanzi ziye zathuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene, zonke zisekelwe kumshini wokuvala inzalo yesitimu esicindezelayo kanye nekhabhinethi yokuvala inzalo. ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo.
I-steam ibangela ukufa kwama-microorganisms ngokuhlanganisa amaprotheni azo. I-Steam inokungena okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, lapho isitimu sijiya, sikhipha inani elikhulu lokushisa okucashile, okungashisisa izinto ngokushesha. Ukuvala inzalo ngesitimu akuthembeki nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kungehlisa izinga lokushisa lokuvala inzalo futhi kunciphise isikhathi. Isikhathi sokwenza. Ukufana, ukungena, ukwethembeka, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinye izici zokuvala inzalo yesitimu kube yinto ehamba phambili yokuvala inzalo.
Isitimu lapha sisho isitimu esomile esigcwele. Esikhundleni sesitimu esishisa kakhulu esisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kawoyela neye-petrochemical kanye nezinjini zesitimu samandla, isitimu esishisa kakhulu asifanele izinqubo zokuvala inzalo. Nakuba isitimu esishisa kakhulu sinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi sinokushisa okwengeziwe kunesitimu esigcwele, sona Ukushisa kwengxenye eshisa kakhulu kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa okucashile kokuhwamuka okukhishwa ukufingqa kwesitimu esigcwele. Futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lesitimu elishisa kakhulu liye ezingeni lokushisa lokugcwala. Ukusebenzisa isitimu esishisa kakhulu ekushisiseni kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshisana kokushisa.
Yiqiniso, isitimu esimanzi esinamanzi ajiyile sibi nakakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umswakama oqukethwe ku-steam omanzi ngokwawo uzoncibilikisa ukungcola okuthile emapayipini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umswakama ufinyelela emikhunjini kanye nemithi ezobulawa amagciwane, uvimbela ukugeleza kwesitimu enkanyezini yokushisa yezemithi. Dlula, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudlula. Uma isitimu sinenkungu ecolekile, sakha umgoqo wokugeleza kwegesi futhi sivimbele ukushisa ukuthi kungangeni, futhi sandisa nobunzima bokoma ngemva kokuvalwa inzalo.
Umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa endaweni ngayinye egumbini lokuvala inzalo elikhawulelwe lekhabethe lokuvala inzalo kanye nezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ngu-≤1°C. Kuyadingeka futhi ukususa "izindawo ezibandayo" kanye nokuphambuka phakathi "kwezindawo ezibandayo" kanye nezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile (≤2.5 ° C) ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela yokuqeda ngokuphumelelayo amagesi angenawo ama-condensable ku-steam, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwensimu yokushisa ekhabhinethi yokuvala inzalo, futhi kuqedwe "izindawo ezibandayo" ngangokunokwenzeka amaphuzu abalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenzalo ye-steam.
Izinga lokushisa lokuvala inzalo lesitimu esigcwele kufanele lihluke ngokuya ngokubekezelela ukushisa kwama-microorganisms. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lokuvala inzalo kanye nesikhathi sokwenza nakho kuhlukile ngokwezinga lokungcoliswa kwezinto ezivalelwe inzalo, kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuvala inzalo nesikhathi sokwenza nakho kuhlukile. Inketho incike endleleni yokuvala inzalo, ukusebenza kwento, izinto zokupakisha, kanye nobude benqubo yokuvala inzalo. Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu lokuvala inzalo, isikhathi esidingekayo siba sifushane. Kunobudlelwane obuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lesitimu esigcwele kanye nokucindezela kwaso. Kodwa-ke, lapho umoya ekhabetheni ungaqediwe noma ungaqediwe ngokuphelele, umusi awukwazi ukufinyelela ukugcwala. Ngalesi sikhathi, nakuba ingcindezi Imitha ibonisa ukuthi ingcindezi yokuvala inzalo ifinyelelwe, kodwa izinga lokushisa le-steam alifinyelelanga izidingo, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvala inzalo. Njengoba umfutho womthombo wesitimu uvame ukuba phezulu kunokucindezela kokuvala inzalo, futhi ukucindezelwa kwesitimu kungabangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwesitimu, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-01-2024
