Ukuqapha inhlanzeko ekubulaweni kwamagciwane esibhedlela kanye nokuvalwa inzalo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthola izinkinga.Iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezinkomba zokuhlolwa kokutheleleka esibhedlela futhi ingenye yezinto okufanele zihlolwe ekubuyekezweni kwebanga lesibhedlela.Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wokuphatha wansuku zonke uvame ukukhathazwa yilokhu, ingasaphathwa yezindlela Zokuqapha, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinqubo zokusebenza kokuhlolwa nemibiko yemiphumela, njll., isikhathi nje kanye nemvamisa yokuqapha kubonakala kuyisihloko esithinta inhliziyo esibhedlela.
Isisekelo: Ihlanganiswe ngokusekelwe emithethweni kazwelonke yamanje, izimiso kanye nemibhalo ehlobene nokulawulwa kokutheleleka.
1. Ukuhlanza nokuqapha umphumela wokuhlanza
(1) Ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanzwa kwezinsimbi zokuxilonga nezokwelashwa, izitsha nezinto: nsuku zonke (ngaso sonke isikhathi) + okuvamile (nyanga zonke)
(2) Ukuqapha amadivaysi okuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane kanye nemiphumela yawo: nsuku zonke (ngaso sonke isikhathi) + okuvamile (ngonyaka)
(3) Isicoci-isibulala-magciwane: esisanda kufakwa, sibuyekezwa, silungiswe kabusha, sishintsha ama-ejenti okuhlanza, izindlela zokubulala amagciwane, ukushintsha izindlela zokulayisha, njll.
2. Ukuqapha izinga lokubulala amagciwane
(1) Ukubulala amagciwane okushisa okumanzi: nsuku zonke (ngaso sonke isikhathi) + okuvamile (ngonyaka)
(2) Ukubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali: Ukugcwala kwezithako ezisebenzayo (esitokweni futhi ezisetshenziswayo) kufanele kuqashelwe njalo, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kufanele kuqashelwe nsuku zonke;inani lokungcoliswa kwamagciwane (elisetshenziswayo)
(3) Ukuqapha umphumela wokubulala amagciwane: izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokubulawa amagciwane (njengama-endoscope afakwe amagciwane, njll.) kufanele ziqashwe njalo ngekota.
3. Ukuqapha umphumela wokuvala inzalo:
(1) Ukuqapha umphumela we-pressure sterilization
① Ukuqapha ngokomzimba: (ngaso sonke isikhathi; kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezi-3 ngemva kokufaka okusha, ukuthutha nokulungiswa kabusha kwesibulala-magciwane)
②Ukuqapha amakhemikhali (ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesikhwama; phinda izikhathi ezi-3 ngemuva kokuthi isibulala-magciwane sisanda kufakwa, sithuthiwe futhi salungiswa kabusha; uma usebenzisa inqubo yokuvala inzalo yomfutho osheshayo, ucezu lwenkomba yekhemikhali esikhwameni kufanele lubekwe ngqo eduze kwezinto okufanele zifakwe. inzalo ukuze ihlolwe ngamakhemikhali)
③Isivivinyo se-B-D (nsuku zonke; ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokukhipha inzalo nsuku zonke)
④Ukuqapha kwebhayoloji (isonto ngalinye; ukuvala inzalo kwamadivayisi afakelwayo kufanele kwenziwe eqoqweni ngalinye; lapho izinto zokupakisha ezintsha nezindlela zisetshenziselwa ukuvala inzalo; isibulala-magciwane kufanele singabi nalutho izikhathi ezi-3 ezilandelanayo ngemva kokufaka okusha, ukugudluzwa kanye nokulungiswa kabusha; kuncane Isibulala-magciwane esicindezelayo kufanele ilayishwe ngokugcwele futhi igadwe ngokuqhubekayo izikhathi ezintathu;
(2) Ukuqapha ukusebenza kokuvala inzalo yokushisa okomile
① Ukuqapha ngokomzimba: iqoqo ngalinye lokuvala inzalo;Izikhathi ezi-3 ngemuva kokufakwa okusha, ukuthutha nokulungiswa kabusha
②Ukuqapha amakhemikhali: iphakheji ngayinye yokuvala inzalo;Izikhathi ezi-3 ngemuva kokufakwa okusha, ukuthutha nokulungiswa kabusha
③Ukuqapha kwebhayoloji: kanye ngeviki;ukuvala inzalo kwamadivayisi afakelwayo kufanele kwenziwe kuqoqo ngalinye;kuphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 ngemuva kokufakwa okusha, ukuthutha nokulungiswa kabusha
(3) Ukuqapha ukusebenza kokuvala inzalo kwegesi ye-ethylene oxide
①Indlela yokuqapha ebonakalayo: Phinda izikhathi ezi-3 isikhathi ngasinye;lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinto ezizobulawa amagciwane zishintshwa.
②Indlela yokuqapha amakhemikhali: iphakheji ngayinye yento yokuvala inzalo;phinda izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
③Indlela yokuqapha yezinto eziphilayo: kuqoqo ngalinye lokuvala inzalo;ukuvala inzalo kwamadivayisi afakelwayo kufanele kwenziwe kuqoqo ngalinye;kuphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
(4) Ukuqapha ukuvalwa kwe-plasma kwe-hydrogen peroxide
①Indlela yokuqapha ebonakalayo: Phinda izikhathi ezi-3 isikhathi ngasinye;lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinto ezizobulawa amagciwane zishintshwa.
②Indlela yokuqapha amakhemikhali: iphakheji ngayinye yento yokuvala inzalo;phinda izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
③Indlela yokuqapha yezinto eziphilayo: kufanele yenziwe okungenani kanye ngosuku;ukuvala inzalo kwamadivayisi afakelwayo kufanele kwenziwe kuqoqo ngalinye;kuphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka kokuvalwa inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
(5) Ukuqapha ukuvala inzalo yesitimu ye-formaldehyde esezingeni eliphansi
①Indlela yokuqapha ebonakalayo: Phinda izikhathi ezingu-3 ngeqoqo ngalinye lokuvala inzalo;ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane
②Indlela yokuqapha amakhemikhali: iphakheji ngayinye yento yokuvala inzalo;phinda izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka ukuvala inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
③Indlela yokuqapha yezinto eziphilayo: kufanele igadwe kanye ngeviki;ukuvala inzalo kwamadivayisi afakelwayo kufanele kwenziwe kuqoqo ngalinye;kuphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 lapho ukufakwa okusha, ukuthutha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukwehluleka kokuvalwa inzalo, izinto zokupakisha noma izinguquko ezintweni ezibulala amagciwane.
4. Ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokubulala amagciwane esandla nesikhumba
Iminyango enengozi enkulu yokutheleleka (njengamagumbi okuhlinzela, amagumbi okubelethela, ama-cath labs, amawodi ahlanzekile agelezayo, amawodi okufakelwa umongo wamathambo, amawodi okufakelwa izitho zomzimba, amagumbi okunakekela kakhulu, amagumbi ezinsana, amagumbi omama nezingane, amawodi e-hemodialysis, amawodi ashisiwe; iminyango yezifo ezithathelwanayo, uMnyango Wezifo Zesisu, njll.): Ngekota;lapho ukuqubuka kokutheleleka kwesibhedlela kusolwa ukuthi kuhlobene nokuhlanzeka kwezandla zabasebenzi bezokwelapha, kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic ahambisanayo.
(1) Ukuqapha umphumela wokubulala amagciwane ngesandla: ngemuva kokuhlanzeka kwezandla nangaphambi kokuxhumana neziguli noma ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yezokwelapha.
(2) Ukuqapha umphumela wokubulala amagciwane esikhumbeni: landela isikhathi sesenzo esishiwo emiyalweni yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, futhi uthathe amasampula ngesikhathi ngemuva kokutholakala komphumela wokubulala amagciwane.
5. Ukuqapha umphumela wokubulala amagciwane endaweni engaphezulu
Izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi zingcolile kanye nezindawo ezingcolile zibulawa amagciwane;izindawo ezihlanzekile zinqunywa ngokusekelwe ezimeni zendawo;ukusampula kwenziwa lapho kusolwa ukuthi kuhlobene nokuqubuka kokutheleleka esibhedlela.(I-Blood Purification Protocol 2010 Edition: Nyanga zonke)
6. Ukuqapha umphumela wokukhipha amagciwane emoyeni
(1) Iminyango enengozi enkulu yokutheleleka: njalo ngekota;iminyango yokusebenza (amagumbi) nezinye izindawo ezihlanzekile.Ukuqapha kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa kokwakhiwa okusha nokwakhiwa kabusha futhi ngemva kokushintshwa kwezihlungi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu;ukuqapha kufanele kwenziwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ukuqubuka kokutheleleka esibhedlela kusolwa ukuthi kuhlobene nokungcoliswa komoya., futhi uhlole ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic ahambisanayo.Iminyango yokuhlinza ehlanzekile nezinye izindawo ezihlanzekile iqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi ngalinye elihlanzekile lingagadwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
(2) Isikhathi sokusampula: Emakamelweni asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile ukuze ahlanze umoya, thatha amasampula ngemva kokuba uhlelo oluhlanzekile luzihlanze futhi ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezokwelapha;amakamelo angasebenzisi ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile ukuze ahlanze umoya, athathe amasampula ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-disinfection noma ukungena komoya okunqunyiwe nangaphambi kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezokwelapha;noma Ukuthatha amasampula uma kusolwa ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokuqubuka kokutheleleka nge-nosocomial.
7. Gada umphumela wokubulala amagciwane wempahla yokuhlanza: thatha amasampula ngemva kokubulala amagciwane nangaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Thatha amasampula ngemuva kokukhipha amagciwane nangaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
8. Ukutholwa kwamagciwane e-pathogenic:
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuqondisa akudingi ukuthola ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic.Ama-microorganisms okuhlosiwe kufanele ahlolwe lapho kusolwa ukuqubuka kokutheleleka esibhedlela, lapho ukuqubuka kokutheleleka esibhedlela kuphenywa, noma lapho ukungcoliswa yibhaktheriya ethile ye-pathogenic kusolwa emsebenzini.
9. Ukuqapha inani le-irradiance yesibani se-UV
Inventory (esanda kunikwa amandla) + iyasebenza
10. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezifakwe inzalo kanye nezinsiza zokwelapha ezilahlwayo
Akunconywa ukuthi izibhedlela zenze lolu hlobo lokuhlola njalo.Lapho uphenyo lwe-epidemiological lusola ukuthi izehlakalo zokutheleleka esibhedlela zihlobene nezinto ezibulewe inzalo, ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kufanele kwenziwe.
11.Ukuqapha okuhlobene kwe-hemodialysis
(1) Umoya, izindawo nezandla: nyanga zonke
(2) Amanzi e-dialysis: PH (nsuku zonke): amagciwane (ekuqaleni ahlolwa kanye ngesonto, futhi ashintshwa abe nyanga zonke ngemva kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa emibili elandelanayo ahlangabezana nezimfuneko, futhi indawo yesampula iwukuphela kwepayipi lokuhlehla lokulethwa kwamanzi kwe-osmosis);i-endotoxin (ekuqaleni Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto, futhi kushintshelwe okungenani njalo ngekota ngemva kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa emibili elandelanayo kuhlangabezana nezidingo. Indawo yokusampula iwumkhawulo wepayipi lamanzi le-osmosis elingemuva; uma imfiva, ukugodola, noma ubuhlungu besitho esingaphezulu imithambo yokufinyelela ohlangothini lwenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa i-dialyzer ephinde yasetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe Hlola amanzi e-osmosis ahlanekezelwe ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe futhi akhishwe);ukungcola kwamakhemikhali (okungenani ngonyaka);ubulukhuni bamanzi athambile kanye ne-chlorine yamahhala (okungenani masonto onke);
(3) Inani eliyinsalela lesibulala-magciwane esiphinde sasetshenziswa: i-dialyzer ngemva kokusetshenziswa kabusha;uma imfiva, ukugodola, noma ubuhlungu bomlenze ongaphezulu ohlangothini lokufinyelela emithanjeni kwenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa i-dialyzer ephinde yasetshenziswa, amanzi e-osmosis ahlehlayo ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe ngokuguquguquka kufanele ahlolwe.
(4) Isibulala-magciwane semishini yokuhlanza amagciwane: nyanga zonke (ukugxiliswa kwesibulala-magciwane kanye nensalela yesibulala-magciwane)
(5) I-Dialysate: amagciwane (nyanga zonke), i-endotoxin (okungenani ngekota);umshini ngamunye we-dialysis uhlolwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka
(6) I-Dialyzer: ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha ngakunye (ilebula, ukubukeka, umthamo, ingcindezi, ukugcwala kwesibulala-magciwane esigcwele);ngemva kokusetshenziswa kabusha ngakunye (ukubukeka, ifayibha yangaphakathi, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi);ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa (ukubukeka, ilebula, Usuku Lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, imininingwane yesiguli, isakhiwo, ukuba khona kokuvuza kwesibulala-magciwane kanye nenani elisele lesibulala-magciwane ngemva kokushaywa).Isetshenziswa (isimo somtholampilo sesiguli kanye nezinkinga)
(7) Gxilisa umphongolo wokulungiselela: Faka amagciwane ngesibulali magciwane isonto ngalinye futhi usebenzise iphepha lokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi asikho isibulala-magciwane esalayo.
12.Ukuqapha okuhlobene kwezibulala-magciwane
(1) Gada ukugcwala kwezithako ezisebenzayo (esitokweni nangesikhathi sokusetshenziswa) njalo, futhi kufanele zigadwe nsuku zonke ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo;
(2) Ukuqapha ukungcoliseka kwamagciwane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa (izibulala-magciwane ezibulala amagciwane, izibulala-magciwane zesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, nezinye izibulala-magciwane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa)
13. Isikhungo sokuhlinzeka ngemithi ngomjovo (igumbi)
(1) Indawo ehlanzekile kumele ihlolwe ngumnyango osemthethweni ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kuzwelonke (ukuvuselelwa kokuqala, indawo yokuwasha kanye negumbi lempahla yenhlanzeko lisezingeni le-100,000; okwesibili, indawo yokuthatha neyokukhipha imithi isezingeni le-10,000; ukugeleza kwe-laminar Ithebula lokusebenza lisezingeni 100) ngaphambi kokuthi lisetshenziswe.
(2) Izihlungi zomoya kufanele zishintshwe njalo ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.Ngemva kokwenza ukulungisa okuhlukahlukene okungase kuthinte ukuhlanzeka komoya, kufanele ihlolwe futhi iqinisekiswe ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezihambisanayo nezinga lenhlanzeko ngaphambi kokuba iphinde isetshenziswe.
(3) Inani lamakoloni amagciwane asemoyeni endaweni ehlanzekile kufanele litholakale njalo ngenyanga.
(4) Ikhabhinethi yokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo: Amakhabethe okuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo kufanele aqashwe amagciwane akhipha inzika kanye ngenyanga.Amakhabethe okuphepha kwebhayoloji kufanele ashintshe ngokushesha izihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe ngokuya ngemiyalelo yokugada okuzenzakalelayo.Amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ekhabhinethi yokuphepha kwebhayoloji kufanele ahlolwe minyaka yonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwekhabhinethi yokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi umbiko wokuhlola kufanele ugcinwe.
(5) Ibhentshi elihlanzekile lokugeleza kwe-laminar elivundlile: Ibhentshi elihlanzekile le-laminar elivundlile kufanele liqashelwe amagciwane e-planktonic ashukumisayo kanye ngesonto;imingcele ehlukahlukene yebhentshi elihlanzekile lokugeleza kwe-laminar elivundlile kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngonyaka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokusebenza kwebhentshi elihlanzekile, futhi umbiko wokuhlola kufanele ugcinwe;
14. Ukuqapha ukuwashwa kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezindwangu zezokwelapha
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhungo sezokwelapha esizigeza futhi sizibulale amagciwane, noma isikhungo sezokwelapha esibhekele umsebenzi wokuwasha nokubulala amagciwane yi-ejensi yesevisi yokuwasha ehlangene, izindwangu zezokwelapha ngemva kokuwashwa nokubulala amagciwane noma ukuthola ukuwashwa nokukhishwa kwamagciwane kufanele zihlolwe njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile izakhiwo, amabala angaphezulu, umonakalo, njll. Ukuqapha kwe-Microbiological kwenziwa njalo.Okwamanje ayikho imithethonqubo ebumbene yesampula nezindlela zokuhlola ezithile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-21-2023
