I-NOBETH 0.2TY/Q Ijeneretha yesibaseli/Igesi esetshenziswa kuChemical Industries

Sonke siyazi ukuthi imboni yamakhemikhali yigama elijwayelekile lamabhizinisi namayunithi abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali. Imboni yamakhemikhali ingena kuzo zonke izici. Izinqubo zokuhlanza, izinqubo zokudaya nokuqeda, ukushisisa kwe-reactor, njll. konke kudinga amajeneretha esitimu. Amajeneretha e-steam asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Okulandelayo yisingeniso sokuthi kungani amajeneretha e-steam esetshenziswa ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali eziningana.

Inqubo yokuhlanza
Inqubo yokuhlanza iwubuchwepheshe obuvame kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali, ngakho kungani idinga ukusebenzisa i-generator yesitimu? Kuvela ukuthi ukuhlanzwa kuwukuhlukanisa ukungcola engxubeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bayo. Inqubo yokuhlanza ihlukaniswe ngokuhlunga, i-crystallization, i-distillation, i-extraction, i-chromatography, njll. Izinkampani zamakhemikhali ezinkulu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-distillation nezinye izindlela zokuhlanza. Enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-distillation nokuhlanzwa, amaphuzu ahlukene abilayo ezingxenye zengxube ye-miscible liquid asetshenziselwa ukushisa ingxube ye-liquid ukuze ingxenye ethile iphenduke ibe isitimu bese ijika ibe uketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelelwe inhloso yokuhlukanisa nokuhlanzwa. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlanza ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nejeneretha ye-steam.

Ukudaya nokuqeda inqubo
Imboni yamakhemikhali nayo inezinqubo zokudaya nokuqeda. Ukudaya nokuqeda wukwelapha ngamakhemikhali wezinto zendwangu njengemicu nemicu. Imithombo yokushisa edingekayo ukuze kulungiswe kusengaphambili, ukudaya, ukuphrinta kanye nezinqubo zokuqeda kuhlinzekwa ngesitimu. Ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza yomthombo wokushisa we-steam, isitimu esikhiqizwe i-steam generator singasetshenziselwa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokudaywa kwendwangu nokuqedwa.
I-Steam generator yokudaya nokuqeda nayo iyinqubo yokucubungula amakhemikhali. Izinto ze-fiber zidinga ukugezwa futhi zomiswe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, okudla inani elikhulu lamandla okushisa kwesitimu futhi kukhiqize izinto eziyingozi ezingcolisa umoya namanzi. Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-steam nokunciphisa ukungcola ngesikhathi sokudaya nokuqeda inqubo, udinga ukuthenga imithombo yokushisa ngendlela ye-steam. Nokho, kuphakama inkinga. Lezi zisetshenziswa azikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile isitimu esinengcindezi ephezulu esisanda kungena efektri. Isitimu esithengwe ngenani eliphezulu sidinga ukupholiswa ukuze sisetshenziswe, okuholela ekungeneni kwesitimu emshinini. Lokhu kuye kwaholela esimweni esingqubuzanayo lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-high-pressure steam lingakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile futhi okokufaka kwe-steam emishinini akwanele, okuholela ekumosheni kwesitimu. Kodwa-ke, uma ijeneretha yesitimu isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitimu, isilawuli sokucindezela singalungisa ukucindezela kwesitimu ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-generator ye-steam isebenza ngokugcwele ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuchofoza okukodwa, ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi.

I-reactor esekelayo
Njengemishini evamile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zamanje, ama-reactors asetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni ukudla, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi, ukucubungula udayi, imboni ye-petrochemical, ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba, ukukhiqizwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izimboni. Ama-reactor avame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezithile zokukhiqiza ukuqedela izinqubo ezifana ne-vulcanization, i-hydrogenation, verticalization, i-polymerization, kanye nokufingqa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. I-reactor idinga idivayisi eshukumisayo yezinqubo zokushintsha ngokomzimba ezifana nokushisisa, ukupholisa, ukukhipha uketshezi, nokumuncwa kwegesi ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle.

Ukwengeza, noma ngabe i-reactor iyashisisa noma ipholile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kufanele yenziwe ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa elifanelekile. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa isitimu kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-180°C, umehluko wokushisa okushisayo kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-120°C, futhi ukushaqeka kokupholisa kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-90°C. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi sisebenzise umthombo wenkanyezi oshisayo ozinzile phakathi nenqubo yokushisisa kwe-reactor. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-boilers amanzi ashisayo abaswa ngamalahle, igesi, kanye nowoyela ayesetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa wama-reactors. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezidingo zezwe lethu zokuvikela imvelo ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi zokukhiqiza, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ijeneretha yesitimu ukushisisa i-reactor. Ijeneretha yesitimu yokushisisa ngogesi iyanconywa ngokushisa kwe-reactor. Uma iqhathaniswa namajeneretha kawoyela negesi, ayihambisani nemvelo, yonga amandla, iyonga, iyathengeka, futhi izinzile.

Imboni yamakhemikhali igama elijwayelekile lamabhizinisi namayunithi abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali. Imboni yamakhemikhali ingena kuzo zonke izici futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile nebalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ukulandela indlela yentuthuko esimeme, enokubaluleka okubalulekile okungokoqobo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho nenhlalakahle yabantu.